1. Emerging modules for the ASM: Biogeochemistry By Clara Deal with contributions from Scott Elliott

2. Outline Introduction - Critical issues Complex interconnectivity Sparse observations Emerging modules? Example of overall system Existing ecosystem models Biogeochemical component models Important features to resolve Pan-Arctic approach

3. Complex interconnectivity demands consideration of an ecology of advection. different shelf characteristics – freshwater input stratification currents Figure (and slide title) modified from Carmack et al. 2006

4. Marine biogeochemistry in the Arctic remains seriously under sampled. A first time series for Franklin Bay http://www.cases.quebec-ocean.ulaval.ca/ CABANERA

5. There is a critical need for gridded nutrient data beyond WOA.

6. One Growing Family Tree: U.S. CCSM and abrupt change Land model is NSF/DOE CLM with coupled C/N and global dynamic veg Emerging: Boreal albedo/veg connections (DOE Impacts) Emerging: Methane from permafrost (DOE Impacts) Ocean model is NSF/DOE POP with global eco and C/N /P/Fe/Si Emerging: Ice algae and DMS (DOE Epscor in CICE) Emerging: High latitude specialists (DOE Epscor in CICE) Emerging: Marine clathrate CH 4 release (DOE Impacts) Regional evolution of CCSM biogeochemistry: RACM incorporating Walsh ecodynamics in sea No terrestrial Arctic grid in this family as yet (slide from Scott Elliott)

7. A couple emerging biogeochemistry modules were mentioned yesterday during session 2. Current state of Regional Arctic Models. RCAO – Döscher/Jones RCO Model – SCOBI bio-chemistry (Baltic Sea) ECCO2 – Heimback/Menemenlis Lifetime, transport and fate of riverine DOC in the Arctic Ocean (Manizza et al. in press)

8. A few coupled physical-biological models have been applied to Arctic waters. ReferencesModel and submodels Dim.Ice ecosystem High-latitude waters Coupled sea ice model Shuert and Walsh 1993; Walsh et al. 1994 & 2004 ecosystem, carbonate system 3-DnoneBering and Chukchi Sea none Wassman and Slagstad 1993; Slagstad et al. 1999 ecosystem, carbonate system 3-D, 1-D noneGreenland and Barents Sea none Lavoie et al. 2005 & 2009 ecosystem1-DyesMackenzie Shelf in the Beaufort Sea dynamic Jin et al. 2006, 2007 & 2009; Deal et al. 2000 ecosystem, DMS submodel 1-DyesSE Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea shelf; Gulf of AK non-dynamic Nishi and Tabeta 2005 ecosystem1-DyesLake Saromanon-dynamic

9. Important features to resolve: Horizontal transport – nutrients, biomass Ocean stratification Timing of ice retreat and algal release Mixing zone and euphotic layer depths

10. Timing of ice retreat impacts phytoplankton bloom timing and shapes the structure and function of food web.

11. Extreme seasonality in ice cover results in highly variable mixing zones and euphotic layer depths – in space and time.

12. Pan-Arctic approach contiguous domains controls – e.g. nutrients and light “ecology of advection” “Food webs and physical-biological Coupling on pan-Arctic shelves: Unifying concepts and comprehensive perspectives” Eddy Carmack, Paul Wassman