2. Visual Design Principles Next Page

3. Menu Introduction Visuals Text Graphics Layout Conclusion Quit * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Audio Reference

4. Introduction We learn using all our 5 senses 83% through sense of SIGHT 10% through sense of HEARING 4% through sense of SMELL 1% through sense of TASTE 2% through sense of TOUCH Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

5. 83% through sense of SIGHT 10% through sense of HEARING LEARNING is done most effectively through SIGHT and HEARING Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Back to menu Previous Page Introduction We learn using all our 5 senses

6. Visuals Complicated information can be simplified using appropriate visuals Average of Prices YearPrice 1999208,374 2000226,557 2001278,239 Simplify Back to menuNext Page

7. There are 6 main guidelines in using appropriate lettering or text 1.Lettering Style 2.Number of Lettering Styles 3.Use of Capitals 4.Lettering Colour 5.Lettering Size 6.Spacing between lines Text Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

8. TECHNOLOGYA Sans-Serif font TECHNOLOGY A font with Serifs TECHNOLOGY A Script font TECHNOLOGY An Old English font Text Lettering Style should harmonise with other elements of the visual Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

9. Text Lettering Style should harmonise with other elements of the visual TECHNOLOGYA Sans-Serif font TECHNOLOGY A font with Serifs TECHNOLOGY A Script font TECHNOLOGY An Old English font For instructional purposes, main text or headings in printed materials or computer presentations Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

10. Text Lettering Style should harmonise with other elements of the visual TECHNOLOGYA Sans-Serif font TECHNOLOGY A font with Serifs TECHNOLOGY A Script font TECHNOLOGY An Old English font For instructional purposes, main text or headings in printed materials or computer presentations Avoid fanciful fonts and style which are hard to read and you may not have the special font in the system to be displayed Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

11. Number of Lettering Styles should harmonise with other elements of the visual There should be not more than 2 different types of fonts used Font for body copy Font For Title Two font types should harmonise with each other Font Style 1 Keep to a maximum of four variation Font Style 2 Font Style 3 Font Style 4 Text Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

12. Use of Capitals should be used for headlines or titles of no more than 6 words IT IS OFTEN LAMENTED THAT TEACHERS RELY TOO MUCH ON WORDS AS COMMUNICATION VEHICLES It is often lamented that teachers rely too much on words as communication vehicles Having all words in capitals (upper case) slows down reading speed. For best legibility, any sentence longer than six words in length should be in upper and lower case Text Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

13. Lettering Colour is important for ease in readability Colour font with background     Text Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

14. Lettering Size is important for a class presentation Make sure fonts can be seen from the back of the room. For example: 24 Points font 18 Points font 16 Points font Just NiceSmallToo small Text Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

15. Spacing between lines blurs out when lines are too close and disjointed when too far It is often lamented that teachers rely too much on words as communication vehicles Too close It is often lamented that teachers rely too much on words as communication vehicles Too far It is often lamented that teachers rely too much on words as communication vehicles Just right Text Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

16. Number of lines Lorem ipsum dolor sitamet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostruorem ipsum dolor sitamet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et doloreorem ipsum dolor sitamet Limit each slide to no more than 8 lines of text Lorem ipsum dolor sitamet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptorem ipsum dolor sitamet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dol error sit voluptorem 8 lines is the limit Too many lines * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Text Back to menu Previous Page

17. Graphics refer to pictures and illustrations which can be used in your visuals It can be in the form of static or dynamic (moving) display. Graphics Back to menuNext Page

18. Graphics Static Visual Display Display range from line drawing to complex photographs Picture from : Stock.xchng http://www.sxc.hu/ Use of photographs than line drawing if user have not seen the actual object before Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

19. Graphics Static Visual Display Display range from line drawing to complex photographs Use of line drawing than photograph if there is a need to depict a complicated image Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

20. Graphics Static Visual Display Static display of a concept map or mind map using transition AnalysisPerspiciat Reelle Differential Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet Omnis iste natus error sit Voluptatem accusantium Magni dolores eos qui Omnis iste natus error sit Dolor seit Voluptatem accusantium Magni dolores eos qui Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet Voluptatem accusantium Omnis iste natus error sit * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

21. IT Presentation Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore. Veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui Graphics Static Visual Display Ensure that your graphics matches the text that goes with it. Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Do not use pictures just for decorative purposes as it may distract the learner from the main message * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

22. IT Presentation Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore. Veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui Graphics Static Visual Display Ensure that your graphics matches the text that goes with it. Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Do not use pictures just for decorative purposes as it may distract the learner from the main message Presentation on Frogs Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnisste natus error sit voluptatemc cusantium doloremque laudatium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore. Veritatis et quasi architecto beaae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequu tur magni dolores eos qui Use pictures that are relevant to the information * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

23. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays Dynamic visual displays include animation and video Guidelines for choosing animation and video: 1.Replay Feature 2.Clarity 3.Support Learning 4.Simplicity Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

24. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays 1.Replay Feature Video from : FotoSearch http://www.fotosearch.com/ Consider providing a replay feature for the students to repeat the animation or video Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

25. Dynamic Visual Displays 2. Clarity Video from : FotoSearch http://www.fotosearch.com/ Ensure that the visual quality of the animation or video is good. There will be little educational value if images are not focused Graphics Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

26. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays 3. Support learning Dynamic visual display to help learning Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

27. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays Dynamic visual display that do not assist in learning Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

28. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays 4. Simplicity Simple animation may be more effective than complex ones Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

29. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays Video from : FotoSearch http://www.fotosearch.com/ Visualise an event that is difficult or impossible for students to see in their daily lives Examples of situations for using dynamic visual displays Lava flowing down a volcano Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

30. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays Video from : FotoSearch http://www.fotosearch.com/ Shorten the time in observing some situation or experiment Examples of situations for using dynamic visual displays Flower blooming Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

31. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays Video from : FotoSearch http://www.fotosearch.com/ Manipulate the space in viewing a phenomena Examples of situations for using dynamic visual displays Blood Cells flowing through the vessels Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

32. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays Video from : FotoSearch http://www.fotosearch.com/ Demonstrate a procedural task Examples of situations for using dynamic visual displays Shows how to pump petrol Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

33. Graphics Dynamic Visual Displays Video from : FotoSearch http://www.fotosearch.com/ Explain an idea and/or concepts that are difficult to describe verbally Examples of situations for using dynamic visual displays Shows a happy expression Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

34. Advantages of using Animation Advantages of using Video Able to depict things that are not usually visible (eg. the movement of atoms) Less distracting than video clips when using simple animation to illustrate simulations Takes up less computer memory space than video clips Able to show the real situation to students so that they can have a better picture such as a law court or a wet market. Summary Graphics Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

35. Graphics Transitional Effects Transitional effect refers to the visual effect which occurs when moving from one screen display to another Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

36. Graphics Transitional Effects Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

37. Graphics Transitional Effects BOX OUT From general to detail Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

38. Graphics Transitional Effects BOX IN From detailed to general Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

39. Graphics Inappropriate use of animation can do more harm than good to the learning process Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, nsectetur dipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi. Example of a bad transition being used * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Transitional Effects Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

40. Graphics Use of Colour There are two consideration to keep in mind when using of colours: 1.Colour scheme 2.Colour appeal Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

41. Graphics Use of Colour 1. Colour Scheme Select colours that are effect harmony rather than annoyance Complimentary colours are red and blue, blue and orange, yellow and violet. Picture from : http://homepages.ius.edu/DCLEM/ptgguide/ptggd7.htm Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

42. Graphics Use of Colour 1. Colour Scheme Analogous colours re next to each other on the colour wheel, eg. Blue and green They usually form pleasing harmonies combination Picture from : http://homepages.ius.edu/DCLEM/ptgguide/ptggd7.htm Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

43. Graphics Use of Colour 2. Colour Appeal Blue, green and violet are cool colours Red, orange and yellow are warm colours Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

44. Graphics Use of Colour 2. Colour Appeal Red generally means danger or action Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Orange means warmth or energy Yellow means cheefulness Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

45. Graphics Use of Colour 2. Colour Appeal Blue means aloofness or clarity Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Green means freshness or restfulness Purple means depression Back to menu Previous Page

46. 1.Alignment of the graphic and text elements 2.Shape 3.Balance 4.Style Layout of a visual depends on the following factors: Layout Back to menuNext Page

47. This will show clear visual relationships between the main elements in the visual Alignment of graphic and text elements Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et. Ut enim ad minim Q non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut consequatur? Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Layout Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

48. Graphic and text elements can be arranged in a shape that is familiar to the students Shapes Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Water Cycle Layout Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

49. Layout There are two kinds of balance – formal and informal A formal balance occurs when the left half of the visual is a mirror image of the right half Informal balance is asymmetrical, and the elements create a balance without being static Balance Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

50. A formal balance Balance Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Layout Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

51. An informal balance Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Balance Layout Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

52. Choose to use an uncluttered primary-colour design style rather than one filled with complex imagery. Style Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Complicated StyleUncluttered Primary-Colour Style Layout Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

53. Principle of Proximity is by placing related elements close together, and unrelated things far apart Proximity Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Layout Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

54. Directional such as arrows are devices for directing the viewer’s attention to a particular part of the visual, or to look at the visual in a particular sequence H Serif Directional Layout Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

55. Important elements especially text should stand out in good contrast to the background Achieving good figure-background contrast is to have dark figures on light back-ground or vice versa Good contrast on dark back-ground Bad contrast on dark back-ground Good contrast on light back-ground Bad contrast on light back-ground Layout Contrast Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

56. Using the same back-ground or frame for the whole series or choosing the same lettering style and format for the titles Consistency Title of topic Sub Header Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi Title of topic Sub Header Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium Doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis Picture from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ * Dummy text are used to illustrate layout of information Layout Back to menu Previous Page

57. Audio There are three major types of audio use: 1.Music 2.Narration 3.Sound Effects Back to menuNext Page

58. Audio can be used to: 1.Draw attention 2.Complement visual material on screen 3.Support reading of text on screen Audio Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

59. Audio can be used to: Minimise amount of information that presented on screen Announce some event Motivate student Audio Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

60. Music Picture and sound from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Create atmosphere, such as having soft music to create a relaxing atmosphere Audio Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

61. 1.Provide instructions especially for younger students 2.Develop students’ reading skills 3.Develop students’ listening skills 4.Complement still pictures 5.Provide feedback when the users, such as young children, are not proficient in reading yet Narration Audio Back to menuNext PagePrevious Page

62. 1.As the learning source, such as the sound of a drill when it is correctly used. 2.Provide a warning signal when time is running out for a particular activity Sound Effect Picture and sound from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Audio Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

63. 1.Learner-control feature Provide features such as turn on, turn off and replay Sound from : Microsoft Office Online http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/ Guidelines to using Audio Summary Audio Back to menu Next PagePrevious Page

64. Guidelines to using Audio 2.Clarity Ensure that the audio quality is good enough 3.Audio Quality Pace of the audio should not be too fast or too slow. 4.Comprehensibility Teachers should avoid using difficult vocabulary in their narration Summary Audio Back to menuPrevious Page

65. Conclusion Visuals containing appropriate balance of pictures, words, effects and/or audio helps bring across the instructional message more effectively Back to menuNext Page

66. Reference Wong, A. F. L., Cheung, W. S. (1999). Using IT for Lesson Presentations. In Tan, S. L. & Wong, A. F. L. (Eds.), Teaching and Learning with Technology-An Asia-Pacific Perspective (pp. 118-132). Singapore: Prentice Hall. Back to menuNext Page

67. End of Presentation Thank you Back to menu