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Published bySilas Adams Modified over 9 years ago
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Normal: 0.1 % blood sugar can be reabsorbed. Diabetes Mellitis: Inadequate secretion of insulin Blood sugar levels tend to rise. Excess sugar remains in nephron. Osmotic pressure in nephron water remains in nephron and lost with urine. Affected usually void large volumes of urine: need to drink more water.
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Destruction of ADH-producing cells or nerve tracts b/n hypothalamus and pituitary gland. No ADH no reabsorption increase in very dilute urine
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Also called nephritis Caused by inflammation of nephrons (many ways) Toxins produced by invading microbes destroy glomerulus vessels proteins and other large molecules able to pass into nephron. Proteins (no reabsorption): remain in nephron and create osmotic pressure, drawing water into nephron.
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Precipitation of mineral solutes from blood. Two groups: alkaline and acid stones. Sharp stones lodge in renal pelvis ureter urethra. Can tore delicate tissues.
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Surgical removal (old technique) New technique: Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) Nonsurgical technique: high-energy shock waves to break kidney stones into smaller peices. Tiny granules can be voided in excretory system.
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Dialysis: exchange of substances across a semipermeable membrane. Operates of principles of diffusion and blood pressure Cannot perform active transport. Two kinds of dialysis Hemodialysis Machine connected to circulatory system by a vein Blood pumped through dialysis tubes in a bath of various solutes Urea and other waste solutes continually removed. Also receives hormones the kidneys can not produce. Peritoneal dialysis 2 L of dialysis fluids pumped into abdominal cavity, urea and other wastes diffuse from plasma into dialysis fluid. Drained off and replaced several times a day.
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Nothing can surpass the workings of a working kidney. Today, transplant is 85% effective. Immune system can reject new kidney. New kidney attached to blood vessels and bladder in the lower abdomen. Old kidney not removed unless chronically infected/inflamed.
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