1. We will: look at the reason’s that people from other countries came to America in the late 1800’s.
I will: evaluate how immigration, internal migration and urbanization transformed American Life

2. 1. VS. Natural Disasters War Famine Lack of Opportunity
Persecution (P/R)
Jobs
Freedom (P/R)
Land
Family

3. Push/Pull Factors – 1890’s Ireland → potato famine
Russia → religious persecution
Italians/Asians → work
My cousin wrote me a letter from America. He says he's making good money -- much more than he ever had at home. The factory works around the clock, every day, even Sunday! They always need new workers. He promises me I will have work if I come! I can stay at the boarding house where he stays.
--Josef, Poland, 1905

4. 2.A Result of Population Patterns Change
D. Population Density in NORTH- EASTERN Cities

6. 3. Settle in ghettos in City 12. SE Europe (It, AH, Pol, Russia)
11. NW Europe (I, G, UK)
Settled Frontier
Literate
Educated
Protestant
Skilled
18. Assimilated
Settle in ghettos in City
12. SE Europe (It, AH, Pol,
Russia)
1. Jewish and Catholic
Illiterate
Lack Education
19. “Sold” idea of America the land of opportunity
Poor
No English
Political Bosses
Less Likely to Assimilate
19. "Sold" the idea of America the land of opportunity

7. Whole system worked on “patronage” & “graft”
Political bosses → politicians from your neighborhood → who could “GET THINGS DONE!”
Bosses → part of a political machine → Political Party that dominated the city
Whole system worked on “patronage” & “graft”
Appt.’s to government jobs as long as you voted for the “right guy”.
Handouts, freebies, WELFARE!

8. 3. Immigrants came to work:
Steel plants.
Coal mines.
Construction.
Stores.
Factories.

9. 4. LIFE In America 4.A Tenements → a block of apartments
Crowded – Smelly – Dirty

10. Tenement Life: Small, cramped on the inside.
Pretty dirty on the outside too.

11. Sanitation in big cities were lacking.
Toilets were outside.

12. Urban housing was overcrowded and unsanitary
Urban housing was overcrowded and unsanitary. Many found it very difficult to accept. An old Italian saying summed up the disillusionment felt by many:
"I came to America because I heard the streets were paved with gold. When I got here, I found out three things: First, the streets weren't paved with gold; second, they weren't paved at all: and third, I was expected to pave them."
In spite of the difficulties, few gave up and returned home.

13. As you might expect…
Crime rates began to climb.
Gangs began to form.

14. Transportation was improving.
Trollies
Subways
Cars
Trains

15. As transportation improves, people can now start to live outside of the urban center → “suburbs” now start to form.
Long Island →

16. People in cities could now commute to work.
The 1st subway in NYC.

17. Nativism: Cause and Effect
Nativism: Definition
 Causes of Nativism?
Religious differences
Competition for Jobs
cause lower wages
lack of willingness to assimilate
 Effect of Nativism?
Job Discrimination
Anti-Imm. Groups
Anti-Imm Laws

18. Government enacts Anti-Immigrant Laws
Chinese Exclusion Act
First time gov’t restricts immigration targeting one racial group
National Origins Act
Pressure from Nativist groups and labor unions
Est. a 2% Quota on Immigration
Purpose:
To reduce immigration as a whole
To target “undesirable” immigrants more than “desirable” immigrants!

19. HOW IT WORKS
Take total # of people living in America from each foreign nation. Take 2% of that number to determine how many immigrants are allowed into the Nation per year
Example:
Great Britain: Immigrating to America since 1607
Population in 1920: % = 70,000
Italy: Immigrating to America around 1880
Population in 1920: 2% = 4000 per year
How does the National Origins Act accomplish it’s PURPOSE?

20. SAQ Practice