1. Bell Starter Directions: Copy the question and the FULL correct answer. 3/3 1. What was a major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation that was corrected by the Constitution? A. Congress had too much power in regulating interstate commerce. B. The President had sole authority to declare war. C. States had no freedoms to set their own trade policies. D. Congress had no power to levy taxes and raise money. 2. Why did farmers in Massachusetts take part in Shays' Rebellion? A. To try to stop the courts from foreclosing on their properties. B. To force the Spanish to reopen the port of New Orleans. C. To protest against new tariffs imposed by Congress. D. To protest against livestock transporting between states. 3. What document replaced the Articles of Confederation and gave greater powers to the new United States government? A. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions B. The Bill of Rights C. The US Constitution D. The Declaration of Independence

2. Goal 1: The New Nation George Washington's Presidency George Washington's Farewell Address The Rise of Political Parties

3. Alexander Hamilton v. Thomas Jefferson Working with a PARTNER, create a table to show the conflicts between these two cabinet members during the presidency of G. Washington. Be see to address the following:  Who did they want to have the most power? (National/State/Local)  Who did they want to be leading the country?  How did they interpret the Constitution? (Loose/Strict and define the difference)  What did they wish to base the economy upon?  How did they wish to repay debts?  Who were their main supporters? Time: 10 Minutes! Use your resource!  Chapter 2 Sections 1 and 3 textbook. Be ready to share your results with the class.

4. Hamilton's Plan Wanted an excise tax (tax on whiskey) to raise money for the government to repay the national debt of $52+ million. Tariff: tax on imports  To protect domestic manufacturing and American business interests from foreign competition National Bank with the power to print bank notes and take care of the nation's financial resources. Help government regulate economy and commerce; generate income through loans Pay off the national debt.

5. Hamilton's Strategy Three Benefits from his system: 1. It would establish the nation’s financial credibility, making it easier to borrow money 2. It would by political support from the wealthiest Americans 3. It would enrich investors, who could build new ships, storehouses, and factors His plan would promote the accumulation of capital needed for commercial and industrial growth Program was intended to redistribute wealth in two ways: from farmers to merchants and from the South to the North

6. Opposition to Hamilton's Plan Southerners felt that it was unfair.  Heavy agricultural  Had done a better job paying their own debts  Question why they pay federal taxes to bail out the northern states and their tax dollars flow into the pockets of their creditors Compromise: Congress approved full funding of the federal debt, implementation of new excise taxes, and created a national bank National capital would move southward: Washington, D.C. Whiskey tax angered farmers in western Pennsylvania, because they depended on whiskey for barter (trade without using money).

7. Whiskey Rebellion Western Pennsylvania farmers refuse to pay the excise tax. Protests lead to violence. President Washington, under the advice of Hamilton, formed a military force to halt the resistance. Washington asked the farmers to vote to determine if they would follow the law.  Offered amnesty if they would stop rebelling and pay the tax. Established the idea that the national government could support itself, and national law was supreme.

8. First Political Parties Authors of the Constitution wanted to avoid organized political parties. Formed even though they were seen as factions—groups that threaten the unity of a republic. First political parties in the United States were the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans.

9. FederalistsDemocratic Republicans Key LeadersAlexander Hamilton John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison Typical SupportersNortherners, especially merchants Southerners, especially farmers Favored this type of government Strong central governmentWeak central government; more power to the states **States' rights Wanted an economy based upon... Industry and tradefarming Foreign affairs (pertaining to French Rev.) Pro-BritishPro-French Interpretation of the Constitution Loose Construction – broad interpretation of the Constitution Strict Construction – limiting the powers of the federal government Who did they want to rule the government? Wealthy, educated eliteThe “common man”

10. Washington's Farewell Address After two terms, Washington decided to leave office. Warned against political parties (factions). Warned against entangling alliances with other countries (neutrality). Promoted the idea of that good government is based on religion and morality.

11. Washington's Accomplishments The reluctant first president “Mr. President” First cabinet Sets 2-term tradition Judiciary Act of 1789 – established a system of courts

12. Any remaining class time is to be spent on Goal 1 Vocabulary and Study Guide Questions.