2. Health Care Associated Infections and Infection Control

3. Resources Lecture – nosocomial infections ▫Lots of stuff about bacteria Infection control in health care facilities – chapter 13 ▫Long ▫Really quite good Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare ▫I read the executive summary which is still really long. ▫Really terribly boring. I can’t imagine an exam question really related to the stuff in this document. Summary on blackboard ▫Along with the lecture probably sufficient

4. Terminology Health Care Associated Infections – HCAIs Hospital Acquired Infections – HAIs Throughout history drastic decreases in mortality and morbidity have been made through advances in hygiene. There still an awful lot of work to do.

5. It is quite a problem. HAIs are the most common hospital complication. Costs and issues: ▫Morbidity and mortality ▫Increase in hospital stay ▫Cost of antimicrobial therapy ▫Reduced productivity ▫Insurance claims ▫Additional reservoir for the infection

6. Statistics 200,000 HAIs leading to 7000 deaths (2003). $268 million per year for surgical site infection (2003). $686 million per year for blood stream infections (2003). 2 million bed days per anum (2003). You’ll notice these are widely different to those in the summary. We’ve improved. Most common HAIs ▫UTIs, surgical wounds, lower respiratory tract, skin, blood

7. Causes What bacteria have been responsible for HAIs have changed over the years. Many infections are now due to resistant bacteria. MRSA, VREF, ESBL, CDAD, VRSA, VISA etc Viruses – norovirus, rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, RSV Fungi – candida, aspergillus funigaus