1. ENGL1A 10 April 2014

2. Agenda & Announcements RWR group 9 Tuesday Devil’s Advocate essays Grammar: Fragments

3. Essay #4: Devil’s Advocate Details are on Blog Note: 3 sources are required You may use the same sources that you used for essay #3 (argument) if you wish.

4. Devil’s Advocate A person who expresses a contentious opinion in order to provoke debate or test the strength of the opposing arguments. [Your devil’s advocate essay] might feel uncomfortable. You are not being asked to change your personal views on your selected issue, but merely to suspend your beliefs for a brief time. The point is: To enable you to see the opposition’s view through their eyes and articulate it clearly.

5. Devil’s Advocate essays 1.Well-presented issue (the opposite view of what you argued in Essay #3) 2.Well-supported position 3.Effective counterargument 4.Readable plan

6. Write convincingly Do not complain or criticize the Devil’s Advocate position. Write as though you agreed with the position.

7. Essay 4 D1 is due on Tuesday, April 15 Details on Blog

8. Extra credit Details are on blog. Deadline is soon.

9. Grammar Sentence fragments A fragment is an incomplete thought. Remember: a sentence = subject + verb Although we speak in fragments, it’s not good to write in them. There are several different types of fragments. Examples of fragments: – Because he was hungry. – Swimming in the sea. – After school.

10. Subordinate Clause Fragments Remember Dependent clause, independent clause? ( ) A subordinate clause fragment looks like this: – Dependent clause. (  ) – Because he was hungry. (  ) How can you fix it? – Add an independent clause; complete the information. – Because he was hungry, Joe ate the ice cream. – Joe ate the ice cream because he was hungry.

11. Participial Phrase Fragments These usually begin with an –ing or –ed word that looks like a verb but works like an adjective. Example: Swimming in the sea. This is a fragment (  ) because it is not a complete thought. – What more would you want to know? How to fix it? – Complete the thought. – You may need to add or re-arrange words. – Swimming in the sea, Julia was bitten by a shark. – Julia was bitten by a shark while she was swimming in the sea.

12. Infinitive Phrase Fragments An infinitive = to + base verb – To eat – To write Example of this kind of fragment: – To put gas in my car. – What question(s) do you have after reading this sentence? How to fix it? – Complete the thought!/Answer the questions! – I need to go to Costco to put gas in my car. (Answers “why?”)

13. Afterthought Fragments Afterthought fragments begin with these transitions: especially, for example, for instance, like, such as, including, and except. These transitions frequently introduce good details that the writer is providing as an afterthought for previous information. For example: – For example, a BMW, a Mercedes, and a Ford Mustang. How to fix it? – Ask: What thought does this complete? – Then: Attach it to that sentence. – Example: Dmitri has several cars, for example, a BMW, a Mercedes, and a Ford Mustang.

14. Lonely Verb Fragments A lonely verb fragment will often begin with a coordinating conjunction [and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet]. The verb is “lonely” because it needs a subject to be a complete sentence. Example: Took the thick book and, with a heavy sigh, loaded it on top of her research pile. – What question do you have? How to fix it? – Add a subject! – Mary took the thick book and, with a heavy sigh, loaded it on top of her research pile.

15. Appositive Fragments An appositive is a noun phrase that renames and clarifies anther noun. – Joe, my best friend’s dad, works at Wal-Mart. Example: A slacker wasting his afternoon in front of the television. – What questions does this fragment raise? How to fix it? – Remember that an appositive describes another noun. It usually doesn’t even contain a verb. – Don’t forget to actually write a main clause (sentence). – Joe yelled at his son, a slacker wasting his afternoon in front of the television.

16. A tip for finding fragments Read the paragraph/passage BACKWARD (from end to beginning), 1 sentence at a time. In-class exercise (20 points; 18 questions, + 2 points “free”): – Working with a partner… – …Select the letter of the “sentence” that is the fragment for each question on the worksheet. – Only submit 1 paper; you and your partner will receive the same grade for this work.