1. Immunity from Disease

2. What is a infectious disease? Pathogen causes A change that disrupts the homeostasis in the body. Main agents can be – Bacteria – Protozoans –Fungi –Viruses Sources can be soil contaminated water and infected animals (that includes us)

3. Bacteria

4. Two Protozoans (and a Sponge) for 4 Flutes The protozoans, of which there are over 30,000 species, are primitive, single-celled organisms, of which the best known example is probably the amoeba. Paramecium caudatum is one of the most common freshwater ciliates. The nasty- sounding Plasmodium virax is the malaria parasite; like many parasites it has a complex life-cycle involving several hosts, and exists in several forms. Sponges are the most primitive group of multi-cellular animals. The Bath Sponge Euspongia mollissima finds itself in this piece on the strength of it's mellow name. http://www.jsimonvand erwalt.com/catalog/plas mo.mid

5. Fungi http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Pharmacology/dc-bits/fungi-pics1-04m.jpg The Kingdom Fungi are important organisms, both in terms of their ecological and economic roles. They breaking down dead organic material,, most vascular plants could not grow without the symbiotic fungi, or mycorrhizae, that inhabit their roots and supply essential nutrients plants. Other fungi provide numerous drugs (such as penicillin and other antibiotics), foods like mushrooms, truffles and morels, and the bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer.Fungi also cause a number of plant and animal diseases: in humans, ringworm, athlete's foot, and several more serious diseases are caused by fungi.. Plant diseases caused by fungi include rusts, smuts, and leaf, root, and stem rots, and may cause severe damage to crops. http://www.microbe.org/microbes/fungi1.asp http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0504.htm http://waynesword.palomar.edu/slime1.htm

6. Viruses Made of protein coat Are they living? –What are the criteria for life? Don’t respire Don’t grow Don’t develop CAN make copies of themselves but only with hosts help Named after the illness or organ they infect.

7. From birth symbiotic relationships are established You are “inoculated” with microorganisms on your skin upper respiratory system, lower urinary and reproductive tracks Lower intestinal track

8. How they help They maintain equilibrium within the body by keeping other microorganisms from growing Can become potential pathogens when –Conditions change and helpful organisms are eliminated –Beneficial bacteria enter areas of the body where they are not normally found –Body becomes weakened or injured

9. Infectious disease Caused by the presence of pathogens Not all diseases caused by pathogens some are Inherited Caused by wear and tear Caused by exposure to chemicals (cirrhosis ) Malnutrition (scurvy)

10. What do we use to figure out if it’s a pathogen? Koch’s postulates 1 2 3 4

11. How are Pathogens Spread Must have continual source of the pathogen –Living - Carriers human/ other animals –Incubation period- don’t show it yet –Dead –Inanimate object soil/ water Fungi botulism Intestinal parasites from water

12. Transmission Four ways –Direct contact- Cold, STD’S –By an object- money, toys, towels –Through the air- Cough, sneezes.. –By an intermediate organism (vector) West Nile virsus- Lyme disease- Bubonic plague

13. How do pathogens damage you

14. Patterms of diease

15. Treatment