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Corneal Wound Architecture and Integrity after OZil and Mixed Phacoemulsification: Evaluation of Standard and Microincisional Coaxial Techniques Bokkwan Jun MD, John P Berdahl MD, Anthony N Kuo MD, Thomas J Cummings MD, Terry Kim MD Duke University Eye Center Duke University Eye Center Durham, North Carolina Commercial Relationships
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Purpose To compare corneal wound architecture and integrity after OZil torsional and mixed ultrasound modalities with various phacoemulsification (PE) power levels Two different size of incisions Standard (2.75mm) Standard (2.75mm) Microincisional (2.2mm) Microincisional (2.2mm)
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Methods Prospective study Twenty human cadaver eyes, Four groups of 5 eyes/group Twenty human cadaver eyes, Four groups of 5 eyes/group Group 1 : 2.75mm, only 100% OZil Group 1 : 2.75mm, only 100% OZil Group 2 : 2.2mm, only 70% OZil Group 2 : 2.2mm, only 70% OZil Group 3 : 2.2mm, only 100% OZil Group 3 : 2.2mm, only 100% OZil Group 4 : 2.2mm, mixed ultrasound modality Group 4 : 2.2mm, mixed ultrasound modality (ultrasound 50% for 10ms; OZil 100% for 60ms, 30ms off) (ultrasound 50% for 10ms; OZil 100% for 60ms, 30ms off) Phacoemulsification (PE) settings Vacuum: 300mmHg, Aspiration: 12cc/min, Bottle height : 100cm Vacuum: 300mmHg, Aspiration: 12cc/min, Bottle height : 100cm Phacoemulsification time: ~ 45 seconds with full power and simulated 5~10 seconds On/Off occlusion and instrument manipulation Phacoemulsification time: ~ 45 seconds with full power and simulated 5~10 seconds On/Off occlusion and instrument manipulation Tip: Mini-Flared 30° Kelman tip Tip: Mini-Flared 30° Kelman tip Sleeve: MicroSleeve for 2.75mm, UltraSleeve for 2.2mm Sleeve: MicroSleeve for 2.75mm, UltraSleeve for 2.2mm
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India ink : 2 eyes/group, IOP was varied from 0~125mmHg : 2 eyes/group, IOP was varied from 0~125mmHg Entry of India ink into the wound or aqueous leakage from the wound was recorded Entry of India ink into the wound or aqueous leakage from the wound was recorded Histopathologic examination of India ink : 2 eyes/group Optical coherence tomography (OCT) : 3 eyes/group before and after the phacoemulsification before and after the phacoemulsification Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) : 3 eyes/group Methods
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Results (Gross observation) Spontaneous wound leakage (No ingress of India ink) Group 1 : 1/5 eyes Group 1 : 1/5 eyes Group 3 : 0/5 eyes Group 3 : 0/5 eyes Group 2 : 0/5 eyes Group 2 : 0/5 eyes Group 4 : 0/5 eyes Group 4 : 0/5 eyes India ink demonstration after PE and IOP variation Group 3 Group 4 Group 2 Group 1 2.75mm 100% OZil 2.2mm 100% OZil 2.2mm 70% OZil 2.2mm Mixed U/S
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No India ink penetrated into the inner wound tract in any of the study eyes Results (Histopathology) Group 3 Group 4 Group 2 Group 1 2.75mm 100% OZil 2.2mm Mixed U/S 2.2mm 70% OZil 2.2mm 100% OZil
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Results (OCT) Wound architecture and apposition remained intact in each group after simulated PE without stromal hydration Group 1 Group 3 Group 2 Group 4 2.75mm 100% OZil 2.2mm 70% OZil 2.2mm Mixed U/S 2.2mm 100% OZil
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Results (SEM, endothelial view) SEM demonstrated comparable gaping of the internal wound and minimal trauma to DM and corneal endothelium Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 2.75mm 100% OZil 2.2mm 70% OZil 2.2mm Mixed U/S 2.2mm 100% OZil
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Conclusions No gross differences in corneal wound architecture and integrity was observed among the four treatment groups as confirmed by gross, histopathologic, OCT, and SEM examination. Torsional and mixed ultrasound settings do not appear to induce any adverse effects on incision integrity in standard and microincisional coaxial OZil and longitudinal ultrasound applications.
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