1. RA 1425- Ateneo Jose Rizal: Life and Works

2. National Heroes Commission  Spiritual life  Government  Arts  religion

3. Heroes  Lead people to their rightful destiny

4. Concept of nation  Driving force in the fulfillment of rightful destiny

5. Heroes  May or may not be declared by la legislation  -hero by legislation  -hero of the ordinary people  (RA 1425)  All schools must study the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal

6. Claro M. Recto  Author of the Bill  He drafted the bill to foster nationalism and civic duty

7. Section 3 of the Rizal Law  needed in order to promote the reading of works of Rizal and make his works readily available to the public.

8. Rationale of the RA 1425  -There was a need to return to patriotic values  -imperialist presence  -communist insurgency (Hukbalahap)

9. Jose P. Laurel revisions  Students may seek exemptions from reading Rizal’s works for religious reasons  Required to read the unedited versions of his novels  Unexpurgated versions were made available in all schools

10. The Philippines  Needs a hero because the youth needs a role model

11. A person maybe considered a hero Based on 1. The extent of the person’s sacrifices 2. Motive and methods employed in attaining the ideal 3. The moral character of the person 4. The influence of the person to his age or epoch and the succeeding eras.

12. Nationalism  The Philippines was influenced by the French Revolution in the 19 th century

13. Why is it necessary to study Rizal according to proper historical context?  Rizal was a product of his time

14. World events during Rizal’s time  1. Mexico, Chile and Argentina have won their independence  2. Philippines, Puerto Rico and Cuba were remaining Spanish colonies 3. Enlightenment ideas were widespread in Europe

15. Enlightenment thinkers  Greatly influenced the US Declaration of Independence and Bill of Rights  1. Baron de Montesquieu  2. John Locke  3. Voltaire

16. Institutionalization of the French revolution ideas  Through the Malolos Constitution

17. Significance of Suez Canal  Shortened the travel between Europe and the Philippines and increased exchange of ideas and technology

18. Cadiz constitution  THE OLD REGIME DID NOT WANT IT  LIBERALS SUPPORTED THE IDEA  THEY WERE HORRIFIED OF THE SOCIAL CHANGE

19. Written constitution  Are natural rights of men /women inherent?

20. 19 th century reforms in the Philippines  How did it affect the Philippines?  Spanish Cortes

21. Significance of the Cadiz Constitution  1. Representation 2. Freedoms 3. Spanish Citizens