1. By ESTRELLA, Rhizyl Jhane GOTINGA Matthew CORTINA, Leo SECHICO, Neil

2. Introduction The operculum is a bony structure covering and protecting the gills in teleosts; it plays an important part in the breathing mechanism. Gills mediate the gas exchange in fish. These organs, located on the sides of the head, are made up of gill filaments, feathery structures that provide a large surface for gas exchange. Oxygen dissolved in the water is absorbed by the gills. The movements of the mouth floor and operculum are co-ordinated to produce a stream of water, in through the mouth, over the gills and out of the operculum.

3. 1. Operculum (gill cover) 2. Lateral line 3. Dorsal fin 4. Adipose fin 5. Caudal peduncle 6. Caudal fin 7. Anal fin 8. Photophores 9. Pelvic fins 10.Pectoral fins

4. Operculum

5. Objective/Problem To observe the behavior of fishes in different temperature.

6. Hypothesis H o : There is no significant difference between the behavior of the fish A and fish B regarding the temperature of the water. H 1 : There is a significant difference between the behavior of the fish A and fish B regarding the temperature of the water.

7. Materials and Methods Thermometer 2 containers (1000ml) 3 fishes of the same specie Ice Water timer

8. Materials and Methods Two containers were prepared with 1000ml of water and was labeled A and B. Ice cubes were added in container B. Then the temperature of each container was measured. (Container A is 25 o C and Container B is 10 o C. ) The fishes were then transferred on each container. The fishes were then observed for 10 mins.

9. FishTemperatureNo. of Mins. Rate of Operculum 1Normal Water10 minutes Moderate 2Iced Water10 minutes Slower RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

10. Results The fish in Container B acted unnaturally. The fish swam around the container in an odd manner. The fish tried to jump out of the water. There are some times that the fish submerge to bottom and stop moving. The fish didn’t die in 10 minutes of observation. The operculum movement of the fish in Container B is slower than of the fish in Container A.

11. Discussion The fishes’ behavior differ in different temperatures. The fishes’ operculum slows down in extreme low temperature. It is because the extra amount of oxygen from the ice cubes adds to the water, thus, the fish doesn’t need much effort to take in oxygen from the water. Therefore, the behavior of the fishes is affected by the change in temperature of the water.

12. Conclusion Therefore, the researchers conclude that the fish’ bizarre movements in the container with ice cube is caused by instantaneous change in environment and temperature. The researchers also observed that the fish’ operculum movement in container B was slow because of excess oxygen from the ice cube, thus, minimized their effort of taking in oxygen from the water.

13. References http://science.jrank.org/pages/5481/Res piratory-System-fish.html http://science.jrank.org/pages/5481/Res piratory-System-fish.html http://www.biology-resources.com/fish- 01.html http://www.biology-resources.com/fish- 01.html www.wikipedia.com