1. Summary Words Lesson 2 http://marks-writing-lessons.wikispaces.com/

2. Following the developing of this world, a key word is becoming much more important now, that is "Globalization". What's globalization? For me, globalization means connections of this world are more close and whatever in economy or culture, it's opening now. As a result of these changes, in recent years, China's fast- developing impressed the world and some people announced now China played a very important role in this world. General Statement Definition Summary word & Elaboration 2

3. General Statements & Definitions: Review & Practice Do you feel that technology has had a beneficial or a harmful effect on communication between friends and family? General Statement: Since the 19 th century, humans have gradually adopted electrical communication technology. It has endowed us with new and different styles of social interactions.

4. Definitions: Communication It is a method of dealing with people by talking, eye- contact, or even visual images. Contact with other people Knowing people better and exchanging emotions of feelings Delivery of information through talking and discussion Keeping a close relationship between people Communication maintains or builds relationships through the delivery of information and the exchange of emotions and feelings.

5. Definitions: Technology Transportation (cars, trains, planes) Wireless (cell phones) Internet: ▫Email, skype, websites, instant messenger, facebook, Phone Microwave (technical!!) radio Postal service Television architecture

6. Combination General Statement: Since the late 20 th century, humans have gradually adopted internet-based communication technology. It has endowed us with new and different styles of social interactions. Wireless (cell phones) Internet: ▫Email, skype, websites, instant messenger, facebook, Communication maintains or builds relationships through the delivery of information and the exchange of emotions and feelings.

7. Combination Since the late 20 th century, humans have gradually adopted internet-based communication technology, such as email, Skype, social networking sites, instant messenger, and smartphones. These technologies/products/inventions/innova tions have endowed us with new and different styles of communication which help us exchange information and emotions and build and maintain our relationships.

8. Following the developing of this world, a key word is becoming much more important now, that is "Globalization". What's globalization? For me, globalization means connections of this world are more close and whatever in economy or culture, it's opening now. As a result of these changes, in recent years, China's fast- developing impressed the world and some people announced now China played a very important role in this world. General Statement Definition Summary word & Elaboration 8

9. Summary Words Example: In recent years, the number of students applying to Ph.D. programs has increased steadily, while the number of places available has remained constant. This situation has resulted in intense competition for admission. What does this situation refer to? What is the effect of using this instead of that?

10. Summary Words The phrase contains a summary word that refers back to the idea in the previous sentence. It is possible to use this with no summary noun, but if there is a possibility that the reader will not understand what this is referring to, the best strategy is to combine this with a noun so the meaning is clear.

11. Student Writing: Nighthawks by Edward Hopper

12. Using “It”—Good examples So I think the Nighthawks have a different meaning for American people, and it has become popular. So, Americans from different groups have own cultures and traditions; therefore, it is not easy for these groups to understand each other,

13. Using “It”--? People want the pictures to have cheerful scenes such as; friendship, family portrait. It gives us hope and makes us happy.

14. Using “It”--???? They should calm down and think what have done today and whether it is right or wrong. It is good for their career and helps them to get a high position in your company because you always correct your mistake quickly by usually think alone. I think it is also relate to the culture in America. But it is quite different from China. Chinese people likes to talk to each other and stay with each other.

15. Using “This”—good example For American people, this picture show exactly what they think and reflect the lonely style which is the American style properly. So I believe this is why the picture is very famous in United States.

16. Using “This” and a summary word Hopper wanted to show the fear and loneliness of the American after that attack and he applied it is his painting. This desire is why he showed that the three customers are not talking and lost is their thoughts. He used a very creative way in painting and play a lot with light and reflection. These techniques made many American films producers to use his imagination and apply it in American’s cinemas. This inspiration had been used in films that describe the stories of urban crimes.

17. Using “This + Summary Noun” Yet their fictional stories and movies are based on this concept. This factor caused that American people do not know many events that have been happening in the world. There were no relations between them and the real American people. The impact of this diversity was greater among whites, but was visible as well among others or non whites.

18. Using “This + Summary Noun” His most popular oil painting was Nighthawks, which is painted after the attack on Pearl Harbor. This event results in feeling of gloominess across the country.

19. This + Summary Word This Concept Factor Event Diversity

20. Worksheet 1 1. According to a recent survey, 26% of all American adults, down from 38% 30 years ago, now smoke. This _____ can be partly attributed to the growing evidence linking smoking and fatal diseases, such as cancer. a. decline b. reduction c. improvement d. decrease e. drop

21. Worksheet 1 2. Early in September each year, the population of East Lansing increases by about 30,000 as students arrive for the new academic year. This _____ changes the atmosphere of the town in a number of ways. b. increase c. invasion d. rise e. jump

22. Worksheet 1 3. Nowadays, laptop computers are lighter, more powerful, and easier to use than they were five years ago. These_____ have led to an increase in the sales of these machines. a. changes b. developments c. advances d. improvements

23. Combination

24. Summary Words Continued

25. Worksheet 2 Summary Word Process Situation Finding Estimation Problem Difficulty Disruption View

26. Worksheet 3 Irrigation in Africa Decline in Motor Vehicle Deaths Researchers’ conclusion New construction  More traffic Life expectancy 47  68  77

27. Guess the word I didn't feel right picking up the phone and talking to Freddy while Angelo was in my room, so instead of answering I switched off the ringer. I could see from the alert light it rang long as it could before switching to voice mail. It started right back up in a matter of seconds. This _______ went on a long time, ringing and ringing and switching to voice mail and ringing again.

28. Guess the word It appears as if the quarterback is simply following orders, as if he knows where he is going to throw the ball before the play begins. But this ________of the game is deeply misleading. After the ball is snapped, the ordered plan that fills the playbook degenerates into a street fight.

29. Guess the word Facebook also offers a " Notes " section, which has turned into another way of making yourself known to others at a deeper level. Not long ago someone wrote a note called " 25 Things You May Not Know About Me. " The person who came up with this _____ and wrote the note then invited 25 friends to read the note then write their own " 25 Things " list and share it with their friends

30. Technology essay