2. Where do cells get energy from? Sun Mitochondria Photosynthesis Respiration Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

3. Glucose - stored chemical energy ATP -cellular energy; usable energy Plants - Photosynthesis chloroplast Animals/ Plants – Respiration/mitochondria Energy in a cell Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

4. Cellular Energy is use to …... a. build b. grow c. reproduce d. repair ATP Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

5. a.Each one produced the substance that the other needed. b.Each one uses oxygen. c.They both use oxygen and carbon dioxide. d. They both need oxygen and water. How are photosynthesis and respiration complementary? Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

6. 4 Metabolic Processes/ Biochemical Pathways n Biochemical pathway : The series reaction (rxn) for life. n Intermediary Metabolism n Metabolism - series of rxn that make energy available n Total Chemical rxns in your body Photosynthesis - light put together to make food/chemical energy glucose Respiration – Not really breathing; Makes energy Digestion - break down food Biosynthesis - Rxn need to maintain life Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

7. Which biochemical pathway does this represent? n Radiant energy – plant +6 water +6 carbon dioxide ---- 6 oxygen (O 2 ) + glucose (C 6 H 12 0 6 ) Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

8. Reactants/Input Photosynthesis : Sunlight + H 2 0 + CO2 (Oxygen + Sugar O2+ C 6 H 12 0 6 Products/Output) Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

10. Autotroph – self-feeding Ex. Plant & algae Heterotroph- Feeding off of others/ cannot make own food Ex. Humans, animals, fungus Humans get oxygen from plants Plants get carbon dioxide from humans Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

11. Respiration n Oxygen + Sugar --- ATP + H20 + CO2 n ReactantsProducts Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

12. Photosynthesis Ch 8: ComponentsRespiration Ch 9: Input- ReactantCarbon dioxideOutput - Product ATP, Sunlight, Glucose EnergyATP – Cellular energy Input & Output Oxygen Water Byproduct/Waste Output – Product Carbon dioxide, water NADPHH acceptor NADH, FADH 2 Plant cell- Eukaryote Chloroplast Light & Dark cycle Cells Organelle PARTS Plant & Animal cells – Eukaryote Mitochondria Aerobic respiration/ Anaerobic respiration = Alcoholic fermentation, Lactic acid fermentation Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

13. How are photosynthesis and respiration complementary? Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

14. Review n How is Glucose made? sunlight oxygen water sugar (glucose) carbon dioxide C 6 H 12 0 6 n How is Usable Energy made? Input Respiration Output oxygen carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) food (sugar) Water +_ATP____ Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

15. Cellular energy (Adenosine triphosphate) n The 3 parts of ATP u Ribose( 5 C sugar) u Adenine ( 2 rings N & C compound) u tri means (3) Phosphate ATP- has the most energy with Max # of 3 phosphates. ATP – ADP—AMP n Kinetic energy & Heat lost vs. Potential energy (food) ATP Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

16. Explain how the cellular energy (ATP) ultimately comes from the sun. Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

17. ATP Enzymes n ATP-ADP cycle n Broken by ATPase -Release energy u. ATP—ADP –AMP n ADP phosphorylation -Stores energy n Form ATP by ATP synthase. Phosphorylation - add phosphorus to AMP or ADP. n AMP-ADP-ATP Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

18. How is a chloroplast like a box of lifesavers? Box - wrapper - roll - 1 saver - holes - Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

19. How is a chloroplast like a box of lifesavers? Box - wrapper - roll - 1 saver - holes - Chloroplast Stroma -dark cycle CO2 fixation to energy (glucose) Thylakoid - light rxn H20 breaks into Oxygen Lumen/ thylakoid space Grana Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

20. 2 Pathways of Photosynthesis. Light Cycle and Dark (Calvin) Cycle n Light cycle takes place in thylakoid. Dark rxn takes place in the Stroma. n What happens to chemicals in each cycle? Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

21. Chlorophyll (pigment ) is found in the CHLOROPLASTS of the plant cell, is the only substance in nature able to trap and store the energy of sunlight. The function of Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b is to absorb light energy, which is converted to chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis. The light absorbed by chlorophyll molecules is mainly in the red and blue-violet parts of the visible spectrum; the green portion is not absorbed but reflected, and thus chlorophyll appears green. Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

22. Which colors are best absorbed by the pigments? Is there a color that of ROY G BIV that is not absorbed? Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

23. Chloroplast n An organelle that filled with green pigment called chlorophyll. n Chloroplast is green because of the pigment chlorophyll. n Chlorophyll a - most common. Chlorophyll b - found in green algae, n Euglena (Protista : microscopic organism ) oval shaped organelle where photosynthesis occurs. n A chlorplast is 2.5 microns (1 micrometer/micron = 0.001 millimeter) thick and 5 microns long=.0005 mm. Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

24. What is “Pigment”? n Light absorbing compound Xanthophyll - yellow Carotene - orange Phycobilins are pigments that allow the ocean plants to absorb the light n Two best colors for photosynthesis is red and blue because they reflect green. ROY G. BIV Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

25. The Photosynthesis: Light and Dark cycle Process requires direct light; water (H2O) is broken down into oxygen (which is released as a gas) and hydrogen. Hydrogen and the carbon and oxygen of carbon dioxide (CO2) are then converted into a series of increasingly complex compounds that result finally in a stable organic compound, glucose (C6H12O6), and water. Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes

26. What is usable cellular energy called? How is usable energy made? n Aerobic Respiration n Glycolysis n Kreb cycle or Citric acid cycle n Electron Transport Chain (ETC) n Anaerobic Respiration n Glycolysis - n Alcohol fermentation n Lactic acid Fermentation Ms. Hollis Photosynthesis Notes