2. Characteristics of Urbanization During the Gilded Age 1.Megalopolis. 2.Mass Transit. 3.Magnet for economic and social opportunities. 4.Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core 5.New frontier of opportunity for women. 6.Squalid living conditions for many. 7.Political machines. 8.Ethnic neighborhoods.

3. New Architectural Style New Use of Space New Class Diversity New Energy New Culture (“Melting Pot”) New Form of Classic “Rugged Individualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption Make a New Start New Symbols of Change & Progress The City as a New “Frontier?”

5. William Le Baron Jenney  1832 – 1907  “Father of the Modern Skyscraper”

6. W. Le Baron Jenney: Central Y.M.C.A., Chicago, 1891

7. Louis Sullivan  1856 – 1924  The Chicago School of Architecture  Designed with an emphasis on the idea that “form follows function”

8. Louis Sullivan: Bayard Building, NYC, 1897

9. Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

10. D. H. Burnham  1846 – 1912  Use of steel as a super structure.

11. DH Burnham: Fisher Apartment Bldg, Chicago, 1896

12. D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Store, 1902

13. Frank Lloyd Wright  1869 – 1959  “Prairie House” School of Architecture  “Organic Architecture”  Function follows form

14. Frank Lloyd Wright: Allen-Lamb House, 1915

15. Frank Lloyd Wright: Hollyhock House [Los Angeles], 1917

16. Frank Lloyd Wright: “Falling Waters”, 1936

17. Interior of “Falling Waters”

18. F. L. Wright Furniture

19. F. L. Wright Glass Screens Prairie wheat patterns.

20. Frank Lloyd Wright: Susan Lawrence Dana House, Springfield, IL - 1902

21. Frank Lloyd Wright: Johnson Wax Bldg. – Racine, WI, 1936

22. Frank Lloyd Wright: Guggenheim Museum, NYC - 1959

24. New York City Architectural Style: 1870s-1910s 1.The style was less innovative than in Chicago. 2.NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago. 3.Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC  their bldgs became “logos” for their companies. 4.NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.

25. Western Union Bldg,. NYC - 1875

26. Manhattan Life Insurance Bldg. NYC - 1893

27. Singer Building NYC - 1902

28. Woolworth Bldg. NYC - 1911

29. Flatiron Building NYC – 1902 D. H. Burnham

30. Grand Central Station, 1913

31. John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

32. Statue of Liberty, 1876 (Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

33. “Dumbbell“ Tenement

34. “Dumbbell “ Tenement, NYC

35. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives (1890)

36. Tenement Slum Living

37. Lodgers Huddled Together

38. Tenement Slum Living

39. Struggling Immigrant Families

40. Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

41. St. Patrick’s Cathedral

42. Hester Street – Jewish Section

43. 1900 Rosh Hashanah Greeting Card

44. Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

45. Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

46. Frederick Law Olmstead, Central Park, NYC, 1858