Internet Protocol Storage Area Networks (IP SAN)

Internet Protocol Storage Area Networks (IP SAN)
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Internet Protocol Storage Area Networks (IP SAN) Module 3.4

IP Storage Area Networks
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. IP Storage Area Networks Upon completion of this module, you will be able to: Describe the benefits of IP SAN. Describe IP convergence in the SAN and its implications. Describe and discuss the basic architecture of FCIP iFCP iSCSI Explain potential applications of IP SAN technology. So far, we have looked at DAS NAS FC SAN Now, we will discuss an alternative approach to creating a Fibre Channel SAN using Internet Protocol, or IP SAN. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved.
In this module … This module contains the following lessons: IP SAN Overview. IP SAN Protocols. Applications of IP SAN. The lessons in this course will provide an introduction to IP SAN storage and are organized to help meet the module objectives. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Lesson: IP SAN Overview
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Lesson: IP SAN Overview Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the benefits of IP SAN. Describe the IP convergence in the SAN and its implications. List the three common IP SAN approaches. List the three deployment models (topologies) for IP SAN. This lesson provides an overview of IP SAN technology including the benefits and approaches to implementing an IP SAN. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Introduction Traditional SAN technology is built around Fibre Channel. IP technology is emerging as an alternative or supplemental transport for storage traffic. Servers Servers Switch Switch Storage Storage Traditionally, IP network traffic has been at the file system level. Now, emerging technologies provide for the transfer of block-level data over an existing IP network infrastructure. IP is being positioned as a storage transport because: IP management is easier. (Note: Many administrators are already familiar with it.) Existing network infrastructure can be leveraged, reducing the cost when compared with an investment in new SAN hardware and software. IP supports multi-vendor interoperability. Many long-distance disaster recovery solutions already leverage IP-based networks. Many robust and mature security options are available for IP networks. = IP = FC Servers Servers IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Block Storage over IP – Protocol options
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Block Storage over IP – Protocol options iSCSI SCSI over IP IP encapsulation done on host / HBA(host bus adapter) Hardware-based gateway to Fibre Channel storage FCIP Fibre Channel-to-IP bridge / tunnel (point to point) Fibre Channel end points iFCP IP as the inter-switch fabric IP FC IP IP FC IP FC IP IP “Block storage over IP” represents several different approaches to moving block-level (channel) I/O over IP networks. The three protocols that are gaining most visibility today are iSCSI, FCIP, and iFCP. Each of these protocols leverages IP to extend and add value to the connectivity between hosts and external storage. Following are brief descriptions of each of these protocols. iSCSI – Host-based encapsulation of SCSI I/O over IP using an Ethernet NIC card. IP traffic routed over network to either a box that extracts the SCSI I/O from the IP packets and sends these on to FC-based external storage, or an iSCSI storage array that handles the conversion and I/O “natively” inside the box. FCIP – Tunneling involving a pair of bridges with Fibre Channel that uses IP as the transport protocol. It is typically used to extend Fibre Channel networks over greater distances and/or over existing IP-based infrastructures. iFCP – Fibre Channel switches that use IP as the inter-switch “fabric” protocol. Again, utilizes existing IP infrastructure (cabling, switches, etc.) to support server-to-storage communications. FC/ IP IP/ FC IP FC/ IP IP/ FC IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

IP Storage Approaches FCIP iFCP iSCSI Servers FC FC FCIP Router iFCP Switch IP Network IP Network IP Network IP Network Today, there are three approaches to block storage over IP. They are ordered from top to bottom by commonality with Fibre Channel: FCIP – TCP/IP based tunneling/encapsulating protocol for connecting/extending Fibre Channel SANs. The entire FC frame is sent over IP links. iFCP – Gateway-to-gateway protocol for FCP over IP. Mapping natively in IP across Fibre Channel and IP. An IP-based tunneling protocol for interconnecting Fibre Channel devices together in place of Fibre Channel switches. When iFCP creates the IP packets, it inserts information that is readable by network devices and routable within the IP network. iFCP wraps Fibre Channel data in IP packets but maps IP addresses to individual Fibre Channel ports. iSCSI – Native TCP/IP protocol. An IP-based protocol for establishing and managing Connections between IP-based storage devices, hosts, and clients. No Fibre Channel content, but bridging between iSCSI and FC is possible. FCIP Router iFCPSwitch iSCSI/FC Gateway FC FC FC Storage IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

IP Storage Deployment Models
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. IP Storage Deployment Models = IP = FC Native All Ethernet (No Fibre Channel) iSCSI Protocol Ethernet Switches & Routers = IP = FC Bridging Servers - Ethernet Attached Storage - FC Attached (SAN or DAS) iSCSI Protocol Topologies for IP SAN include: Native – iSCSI allows for all communications using Ethernet. Initiators may be directly attached to iSCSI Targets or may be connected using standard Ethernet routers and switches. Bridging – Architectures allow for the Initiators to exist in an Ethernet environment while the storage remains in a Fibre Channel SAN. Extension – Architectures are most often used to provide connectivity across large distances. Either FCIP or iFCP bring the long distance benefits of IP to Fibre Channel. = IP = FC Extension Servers & Storage - SAN Attached FCIP or iFCP Protocol SRDF = IP = FC IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Market Drivers for SAN Internetworking
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Market Drivers for SAN Internetworking Fibre Channel SAN challenges. IP SAN enablers. Easy to leverage IP equipment and expertise to help manage data in conjunction with Fibre Channel SANs. Fibre Channel SAN challenges include: High acquisition cost Separate infrastructure Separate management model IP SAN enablers include: Availability of Gigabit Ethernet and optical networking products Availability of managed Ethernet/IP-based Metro and WAN connectivity services Increased availability of dark fiber and xWDM solutions in the metro Easy to leverage IP equipment and expertise to help manage data in conjunction with Fibre Channel SANs. IP provides greatest flexibility at lowest cost for latency-tolerant applications Suitable for backup across campus network, MAN, or WAN IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Benefits of IP SAN Cost Effective Extend the reach of a SAN IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

IP is Cost Effective Most organizations already have IP networks and familiarity with traditional network management. Leverages existing Fibre Channel applications. Most organizations already have IP networks and familiarity with traditional network management. Thus, it is easy to leverage IP equipment and expertise to help manage data in conjunction with Fibre Channel SANs Leverages existing Fibre Channel applications. This leveraging: Preserves existing Fibre Channel infrastructure and investments. Fully supports Fibre Channel fabric services across the LAN/WAN. Makes the IP Network seem transparent to the FC fabric. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Extend the Reach of Your SAN
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Extend the Reach of Your SAN Standard Fibre Channel Distances. IP Extends Fibre Channel applications over regional/global distances. At higher link speeds, IP can handle synchronous applications. Standard Fibre Channel Distances include: 1 Gbps multimode fibre - maximum distance = 500 m 1 or 2 Gbps single mode fibre - maximum distance = 10 Km With DWDM, up to 200 Km IP Extends Fibre Channel applications over regional/global distances LAN, MAN, or WAN distances A typical application includes remote backup and restore. At higher link speeds, IP can handle synchronous applications such as: Disk mirroring Shared storage Data sharing IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Lesson Summary Topics in this lesson included: Describe the benefits of IP SAN. Describe the IP convergence in the SAN and its implications. List the three common IP SAN approaches. List the three deployment models (topologies) for IP SAN. A SAN is a dedicated storage network that solves many of the complex business data storage needs. IP SAN is a cost effective solution for extending an FC SAN. The three most common approaches to creating an IP SAN are: FCIP iFCP iSCSI IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Lesson: IP SAN Protocols
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Lesson: IP SAN Protocols Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe and discuss the basic architecture of FCIP iFCP iSCSI This lesson describes the three common protocols for IP SAN. It introduces each of the protocols and describes the architectures and technologies for each. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Fibre Channel over IP - FCIP
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Fibre Channel over IP - FCIP Encapsulates FC frames in IP packets. Creates virtual FC links that connect devices and fabric elements. Includes security, data integrity, congestion and performance specifications. Fibre Channel Frame SOF FC Header SCSI Data SCSI Data CRC EOF Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP) moves encapsulated Fibre Channel data through a "dumb" tunnel, essentially creating an extended routing system of Fibre Channel switches. FCIP Encapsulation IP Header TCP Header FCIP Header IP Payload IP Datagram IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

FCIP Benefits FCIP Best of both technologies Support for existing applications Cost effective Multi-point networking Fibre Channel Widely available Low latency High reliability Off-the-shelf solutions Mature standards IP Accepted technology Trained user base Affordable IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Internet Fibre Channel Protocol - iFCP
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Internet Fibre Channel Protocol - iFCP Gateway-to-gateway protocol IP switches & routers replace FC switches Transparent to FC drivers FC transport uses TCP connections Point-to-multipoint networking possible Fibre Channel Frame SOF FC Header CRC EOF SCSI Data The iFCP specification defines iFCP as a gateway-to-gateway protocol for the implementation of a Fibre Channel fabric in which TCP/IP switching and routing elements replace Fibre Channel components. The protocol enables the attachment of existing FC storage products to an IP network by supporting the fabric services required by such devices. iFCP Address Translation & Encapsulation IP Header TCP Header iFCP Header IP Payload IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

iFCP Benefits Works with wide range of devices. Flexible. Less potential bottlenecking vs. FCIP. iFCP works with a wide range of devices. Flexible and can function as a(n): IP Tunnel for FC-to-FC FCP data transport. Bridge for FC-to-IP FCP data transport. Replacement for FC for IP-to-IP FCP data transport. iFCP has less potential bottlenecking vs. FCIP since it has a TCP session for every virtual port-to-port connection. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

iFCP Maps FCP to an IP Fabric
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. iFCP Maps FCP to an IP Fabric FC Loop Disks FC Server FC Tape Library iFCP Gateway iFCP Gateway IP Network iFCP Gateway iFCP Gateway iFCP maps Fibre Channel transport services to an IP fabric. In this implementation, gateways are used to connect existing Fibre Channel devices to an IP network and, as such, will include physical interfaces for both Fibre Channel and IP. iFCP is a TCP/IP protocol that transports encapsulated frame images between gateways. iFCP session end points are Fibre Channel N_Ports. IP services are in effect for all individual devices and standard IP routing, naming, security, quality of service, and class of service can be used. Device discovery can be automated by standard methods such as SLP (Service Location Protocol), iSNS (Internet Simple Name Service), or can be manually configured. FC Switch Device-to-device session IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Addressing and Routing
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Addressing and Routing Local Mode. Address Transparent Mode. Routing between gateway regions is IP-only. Local Mode: Means the Gateway region creates “phantom” FC addresses for foreign nodes. Is more flexible since FC switch domain IDs can be duplicated in each region. Address Transparent Mode means all gateways share addressing. Routing between gateway regions is IP-only and FSPF and DFS stay in the region. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

iFCP Servers Servers Gateway Gateway Switch Switch SAN A SAN B iFCP allows fabrics to remain independent. In the example Zoning and Name Server information sharing allows SAN A devices to be visible to SAN B devices and vice versa. Zones are exported from one gateway device to the other. The two fabrics remain separate Storage Storage IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

iSCSI A method to transfer blocks of data using the TCP/IP network. Serialized service delivery subsystem. SCSI protocol over IP. A method to transfer blocks of data using the TCP/IP network. Serialized service delivery subsystem. SCSI protocol over IP. TCP is a reliable transport that retransmits dropped packets. IP is an unreliable transport mechanism (packet dropping allowed). Ethernet (10/100/1G/10G) is a popular Physical Transport layer. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

iSCSI Model Layers Storage SCSI Data The SCSI commands are intercepted by an iSCSI initiator and passed to the TCP stack. Once passed to the TCP stack, the commands are transmitted across the network to a target. The SCSI commands are exposed once the packet has passed back up the target stack. When the SCSI commands are exposed, the action requested is passed onto the SCSI device for which they were destined. The device performs the requested action. SCSI encapsulation IP Header TCP Header iSCSI Header IP Payload IP Datagram IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

iSCSI Storage Models Native Bridging Switch Storage Gateway Native All Ethernet (No Fibre Channel) Direct attached Ethernet Switches & Routers Bridging Servers Ethernet Attached Storage FC Attached (SAN or DAS) Servers = IP = FC IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Controlling IP SANS A iSNS Target Z B Target Z - Device A – Initiator A Target Z - Device B – Initiator B Target Z - Device C – Initiator C C IP Network Due to the shared nature of the connectivity to the storage target, an administrator has two options for connectivity management: Each initiator can be individually configured with a list of its authorized targets and each target can be configured with is list of initiators and access controls An iSNS server can be configured with a list of initiators and targets, which can be done dynamically. Additional information can also be stored such as: Discovery Domains which organize the resources into manageable groups Change State Services which provide notification of storage node change of state e.g. going off line, domain membership changes, IP link status, etc. Fibre Channel and iSCSI device mappings. Initiator A Initiator C Initiator B IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Internet Storage Name Server Overview
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Internet Storage Name Server Overview iSNS is a client/server model. The iSNS server is passive. iSNS clients register & manipulate the objects in the iSNS server. An iSNS server can be hosted on a target, initiator, or stand-alone server with a specified IP address. iSNS is a client/server model The iSNS server is passive. It ay send state change notifications to the registered clients in response to an action by an iSNS client iSNS clients register & manipulate the objects in the iSNS server such as: initiators targets management stations switches An iSNS server can be hosted on a target, initiator, or stand-alone server with a specified IP address IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

iSNS Example Management Platform Storage Security Keys Device B iSNS Discovery Domains Host A Device A Storage Host C Host B IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

iSCSI Nodes A single Initiator or Target Names are assigned to all Nodes Independent of address Within iSCSI, a Node is defined as a single Initiator or Target. These definitions map to the traditional SCSI Target/ Initiator model. iSCSI Names are assigned to all Nodes and are independent of their associated address. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Architectural Model Network Portal Network Portal TCP port 3260 iSCSI Node Initiator iSCSI Node Target IP Network Network Portal Network Portal TCP port 3260 There are two major network components associated with iSCSI: The Network Entity, the specific device or gateway accessible to the IP network. The network component is the Network Portal. Network Entity iSCSI Client Network Entity iSCSI Server IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

FCIP, iFCP and iSCSI Comparison
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. FCIP, iFCP and iSCSI Comparison FC FCIP iFCP iSCSI Node Discovery Simple Name Service Manual/iSNS/SLP IP Routable - Per Virtual ISL Per Connection TCP Session Basis Manual definition of virtual ISL path Dynamic by node-to-node login Relative Distance Intermediate Long Unlimited FC Content Full Frames FCP None Transmitted Overhead Low High Medium Conversion Overhead Resiliency Fabric Contiguity YES NO Port Aggregation Scalability This table is provided as a general, high-level reference to these protocols. It is subject to situation-specific interpretation and is only presented as a learning aid. The fact that many items are not applicable for native FC demonstrates some of the extensibility that IP protocols can add to the SAN. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Lesson Summary Topics in this lesson included: The basic architecture of FCIP. The basic architecture of iFCP. The basic architecture of iSCSI. A SAN is a dedicated storage network that solves many of the complex business data storage needs. IP SAN is a cost effective solution for extending an FC SAN. The three most common approaches to creating an IP SAN are: FCIP iFCP iSCSI IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Lesson: IP SAN Applications
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Lesson: IP SAN Applications Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe common applications of IP SAN technology such as: Remote Backup and Restore Remote Data Replication Storage Consolidation So far, we have looked at the benefits of an IP SAN and the connectivity methods for implementing and IP SAN. This lesson provides an overview of the common applications for IP SAN technology. The objectives for this lesson are shown here. Please take a moment to read them. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Remote Backup and Restore
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Remote Backup and Restore Disks Server Servers FC FC IP Network Storage Customer data can be backed up at an offsite remote data center. This data center may be in the same metropolitan area, or it may be in a separate geographical region. In case of data loss, backup is accessible directly over the MAN/LAN. A solution such as this could be implemented with either FCIP or iFCP. The IP network cloud could be extended to engulf the FC SANs in the picture using iFCP or iSCSI natively and no FC components would be required. Disks FC Server Disks IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Remote Data Replication
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Remote Data Replication Disks Server Servers FC FC IP Network Storage Data may be replicated from one site to another across the MAN/LAN. In this application, customer data is kept continuously synchronized across the network. Each site stores live production data. For example, this application could be used to deliver rich media content to distribution centers near users. Once again, iFCP or FCIP could be used to achieve this as shown. iFCP or iSCSI could perform a similar function if the IP network cloud was extended to encompass the FC SANs shown in the diagram. Disks FC Disks Server IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Storage Consolidation/Dual Purpose IP Network
Copyright © 2006 EMC Corporation. Do not Copy - All Rights Reserved. Storage Consolidation/Dual Purpose IP Network IP Network Disks Servers Servers Switch Switch Servers Disks Disks Switch Switch Both iFCP and iSCSI can be used to create FC-free SANs. These SANs could be significantly more than what is shown here. As long as response times are within acceptable limits for the applications in question, there is essentially no distance limit for these SANs built on IP technology. Any of the IP switches represented above could be replaced with an iSCSI or iFCP gateway device to allow native FC SAN islands to communicate. Disks Disks Disks IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Lesson Summary Topics in this lesson included: Remote backup and restore Remote data replication Storage consolidation An IP SAN can be applied to different storage needs, including: Remote backup and restore Remote data replication Storage consolidation IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Module Summary Topics in this module included: : The benefits of IP SAN. The IP convergence in the SAN and its implications The basic architecture of FCIP The basic architecture of iFCP The basic architecture of iSCSI Application of IP SAN technology In previous modules, we looked at DAS, NAS and FC SAN storage connectivity. This module introduced the Internet Protocol Storage Area Network (IP SAN). We looked at the components and connectivity methods for an IP SAN as well as management topics and applications of IP SAN technology. IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

 Check Your Knowledge What are the benefits of IP SAN? What are the three common protocols for IP SAN? What data storage application could benefit from an IP SAN solution? IP Storage Area Networks ( IP SAN)

Internet Protocol Storage Area Networks (IP SAN)

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