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Edward Thorndike Acquisition of Goal-directed responses. Law of Effect - behavior occurs in a random, trial-and-error fashion. Consequences of a behavior.

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Presentation on theme: "Edward Thorndike Acquisition of Goal-directed responses. Law of Effect - behavior occurs in a random, trial-and-error fashion. Consequences of a behavior."— Presentation transcript:

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3 Edward Thorndike Acquisition of Goal-directed responses. Law of Effect - behavior occurs in a random, trial-and-error fashion. Consequences of a behavior can increase or decrease the future probability of that behavior. 1874-1949

4 Trials Escape Time Cat Puzzle Box

5 Law of Effect Responses followed by a satisfying outcome will strengthen the association between the situation and the response. Responses followed by a dissatisfying outcome will weaken the association between the situation and the response.

6 Operant vs. Classical Operant responses understood by comprehending the consequences they produce vs. Pavlovian responses may have environmental effects, but this is not what controls them

7 Hampton Court Palace Maze

8 Discrete-Trial Procedures W. S. Small (1900) – used the maze as a tool to study operant learning in rats. “complex” maze; measures = running speed, latency to reach goal.

9 T-Maze Start Food No Food

10 Straight Alley “Maze” StartFood

11 Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning The Skinner Box:

12 Lever 2 Stages of training:1. Magazine training 2. Shaping = reinforcement of successive approximations

13 Lever

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18 Free-Operant Procedures Discrete-trial procedures provide animal with limited opportunities to respond. Free-operant procedures allow the animal to perform the instrumental response repeatedly without constraint.

19 Discrete-Trial Operant Procedure Lever Light = Discriminative stimulus (S D )

20 Fixed Variable RatioInterval

21 Schedules of Reinforcement Post-reinforcement pause FI scallop time # responses

22 Size of post-reinforcement pause determined by response-reinforcement ratio

23 PREE

24 Pigeon in a Pelican

25 Ginger

26 Reinforcement without awareness Conditioning in amesics – eyeblink in HM “Memento” Radio static study Subjects told it was an experiment on stress. Twitching of very small thumb muscle actually terminated the aversive stimulus (harsh noise) Students condition professor

27 Does anyone know how google works? google

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