1. Evidence of Evolution Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. – Theodosius Dobzhansky

2. Evidence for Evolution Fossils Fossils provide a record of early life and evolutionary history. Although the fossil record provides evidence that evolution occurred, the record is incomplete As the fossil record becomes more complete, the sequences of evolution become clearer

3. Fossils shape ideas about evolution Fossils: direct or indirect remains of organisms preserved in media such as sedimentary rock, amber, ice, or tar. Ammonite casts –Fossilized organic matter in a leaf Ice Man”

5. Evolutionary change in body size and toe reduction of horses

6. Whale “missing links”

7. Evidence for Evolution Comparative Anatomy homologous structures: Structural features with a common evolutionary origin - can be similar in arrangement, in function, or in both

8. Evidence for Evolution Comparative anatomy analogous structures: The body parts of organisms that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function Although analogous structures don’t shed light on evolutionary relationships, they do provide evidence of evolution For example, insect and bird wings probably evolved separately when their different ancestors adapted independently to similar ways of life.

9. Eyes of vertebrates Eyes of Mollusks

10. Evidence for Evolution Comparative anatomy vestigial structure—a body structure in a present-day organism that no longer serves its original purpose, but was probably useful to an ancestor. Vestigial structures, such as pelvic bones in the baleen whale, are evidence of evolution because they show structural change over time.

11. Evidence for Evolution Comparative Embryology Developmental patterns are similar in organisms with similar evolutionary relationships The embryos of a fish, a reptile, a bird, and a mammal have a tail and pharyngeal pouches.

12. Evidence for Evolution Comparative biochemistry Nearly all organisms share DNA, ATP, and many enzymes among their biochemical molecules. biologists use RNA and DNA nucleotide sequences to construct evolutionary diagrams. Organisms that are biochemically similar have fewer differences in their amino acid sequences.

13. Evidence of Evolution – Conservation and Diversification at the Molecular Level Why should different organism possess related genes? Why does the degree of relationship of genes match their degree of relationship established by other methods?

14. Evidence for Evolution – Evolution Observed Evolution of pesticide resistance in response to selection.

15. Evidence for Evolution – Evolution Observed Evolution of drug-resistance in HIV