1. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce)

2. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce)

3. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Diff’s Aquatic HabitatsTerrestrial Water availableDesiccating

4. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Diff’s Aquatic HabitatsTerrestrial Water availableDesiccating Sunlight absorbedSunlight available

5. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Diff’s Aquatic HabitatsTerrestrial Water availableDesiccating Sunlight absorbedSunlight available Nutrients at DepthNutrients available

6. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Diff’s Aquatic HabitatsTerrestrial Water availableDesiccating Sunlight absorbedSunlight available Nutrients at DepthNutrients available BuoyantLess Supportive

7. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Diff’s Aquatic HabitatsTerrestrial Water availableDesiccating Sunlight absorbedSunlight available Nutrients at DepthNutrients available BuoyantLess Supportive Low oxygen, higher CO 2 reverse

8. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Diff’s B. Adaptations to Life on Land 1. Waxy Cuticle (reduce water loss)

9. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Diff’s B. Adaptations to Life on Land 1. Waxy Cuticle (reduce water loss) 2. Gametes protected

10. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Diff’s B. Adaptations to Life on Land 1. Waxy Cuticle (reduce water loss) 2. Gametes protected 3. Embryo protected

11. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History 1. Green Algal “roots” – Ulva (sea lettuce) 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Diff’s B. Adaptations to Life on Land 1. Waxy Cuticle (reduce water loss) 2. Gametes protected 3. Embryo protectedVULNERABLE 4. Spore wall thick

12. II. Introduction to Plants A. Evolutionary History B. Adaptations to Life on Land C. Plant Evolution – Acquisition of Terrestriality

13. III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no true vascular tissue) 1. Characteristics a. short (no vascular tissues)

14. III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no true vascular tissue) 1. Characteristics a. short (no vascular tissues) b. limited to moist habitats (swimming sperm)

15. III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no true vascular tissue) 2. Diversity a. Liverworts – most primitive plants - lie flat on ground - antheridia and archegonia on surface

16. III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no true vascular tissue) 2. Diversity a. Liverworts – most primitive plants b. Mosses

18. III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no true vascular tissue) 2. Diversity a. Liverworts – most primitive plants b. Mosses - have stomata – regulate water loss

19. Archegonium Antheridium

20. III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no true vascular tissue) 2. Diversity a. Liverworts – most primitive plants b. Mosses - have stomata – regulate water loss - swimming sperm

21. III. Plant Diversity A. Non-tracheophytes (no true vascular tissue) 2. Diversity a. Liverworts – most primitive plants b. Mosses - have stomata – regulate water loss - swimming sperm - cuticle – waxy covering on leaves