1. Writing Assistance Constitutional Powers— Executive Orders: The Emancipation Proclamation

2. Using the Spartan Writing Protocol (SWP)

3. Step 1: Read the task/question carefully.

4. Step 2: Circle key words and underline key concepts.

5. Step 1&2: Use active reading strategies to understand the task.

6. Theme: Constitutional Powers—Executive Orders The President of the United States is charged to "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed" in Article II, Section 3, Clause 5 of the Constitution. One method not expressly outlined in the Constitution Presidents have used to do this is to issue Executive Orders.

7. Task: Select two Executive Orders that have had an impact on American history and for each Describe the historical circumstances surrounding the President’s issuing of the order Describe the historical circumstances surrounding the President’s issuing of the order Discuss the political, social, and/or economic impacts the order had on American history Discuss the political, social, and/or economic impacts the order had on American history

8. Describe means “give an account in words of (someone or something), including all the relevant characteristics, qualities, or events.”

9. Discuss means “examine and talk about all sides of a subject or issue in a carefully organized manner.”

10. Step 3: Read the passage carefully

11. Step 4: Take notes that respond to the task/question

12. Steps 3 & 4: Collect information and record it on a graphic organizer.

13. Congressional Powers— Executive Orders The Emancipation Proclamation (1862)

14. Historical Circumstances (1/3) Slavery was an issue that caused conflict in the national government, as well as between the national and state governments, since the founding of the country.Slavery was an issue that caused conflict in the national government, as well as between the national and state governments, since the founding of the country. As new territory was added to the country, arguments over whether new states would allow slavery dominated national politics as they tried to keep a balance in the Senate between slave states and non-slave states.As new territory was added to the country, arguments over whether new states would allow slavery dominated national politics as they tried to keep a balance in the Senate between slave states and non-slave states.

15. Historical Circumstances (2/3) When Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860, slaves states in the South started to secede from the Union over fear that he and his party wanted to immediately outlaw slavery.When Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860, slaves states in the South started to secede from the Union over fear that he and his party wanted to immediately outlaw slavery. In reality, the Republican Party was an anti- slavery, but it sought to limit the spread of slavery, expecting it to die off gradually.In reality, the Republican Party was an anti- slavery, but it sought to limit the spread of slavery, expecting it to die off gradually. Secession began the Civil War as Lincoln tried to preserve the Union.Secession began the Civil War as Lincoln tried to preserve the Union.

16. Historical Circumstances (3/3) The war was a disaster as new weapons caused death and destruction unlike wars before it.The war was a disaster as new weapons caused death and destruction unlike wars before it. In an attempt to end the conflict, Lincoln issued an executive order that threatened to free the slaves in the rebelling states if they did not end their revolt.In an attempt to end the conflict, Lincoln issued an executive order that threatened to free the slaves in the rebelling states if they did not end their revolt. None did and the slaves in states that claimed to be part of the Confederacy were freed.None did and the slaves in states that claimed to be part of the Confederacy were freed.

17. SPECIFIC impact (1/3) The Emancipation Proclamation, as this executive order is called, changed the goal of the war.The Emancipation Proclamation, as this executive order is called, changed the goal of the war. While Lincoln’s goal at the outset of the war was to stop secession, it changed to settling the issue of slavery.While Lincoln’s goal at the outset of the war was to stop secession, it changed to settling the issue of slavery.

18. SPECIFIC impact (2/3) The Emancipation Proclamation was the first step in this transformation. The change can be seen in the Gettysburg Address, in which he reiterated the creed of “all men being created equal,” from the Declaration of Independence.The Emancipation Proclamation was the first step in this transformation. The change can be seen in the Gettysburg Address, in which he reiterated the creed of “all men being created equal,” from the Declaration of Independence. In 1864, as the war was nearing an end, Lincoln pushed for the proposal of a constitutional amendment to outlaw slavery.In 1864, as the war was nearing an end, Lincoln pushed for the proposal of a constitutional amendment to outlaw slavery.

19. SPECIFIC impact (3/3) The 13 th Amendment was proposed by over 2/3 of both houses of Congress in January 1865 and sent to the states for ratification.The 13 th Amendment was proposed by over 2/3 of both houses of Congress in January 1865 and sent to the states for ratification. In December 1865, ¾ of the states approved the amendment, making it a permanent change to the Constitution and outlawing slavery once and for all.In December 1865, ¾ of the states approved the amendment, making it a permanent change to the Constitution and outlawing slavery once and for all.

20. Constitutional Powers—Executive Orders - the Emancipation Proclamation Historical Circumstances SPECIFIC long-term effect Slavery was an issue that caused conflict in the national government, as well as between the national and state governments, since the founding of the country. As new territory was added to the country, arguments over whether new states would allow slavery dominated national politics as they tried to keep a balance in the Senate between slave states and non-slave states. As new territory was added to the country, arguments over whether new states would allow slavery dominated national politics as they tried to keep a balance in the Senate between slave states and non-slave states. When Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860, slaves states in the South started to secede from the Union over fear that he and his party wanted to immediately outlaw slavery. When Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860, slaves states in the South started to secede from the Union over fear that he and his party wanted to immediately outlaw slavery. In reality, the Republican Party was an anti-slavery, but it sought to limit the spread of slavery, expecting it to die off gradually. In reality, the Republican Party was an anti-slavery, but it sought to limit the spread of slavery, expecting it to die off gradually. Secession began the Civil War as Lincoln tried to preserve the Union. The war was a disaster as new weapons caused death and destruction unlike wars before it. The war was a disaster as new weapons caused death and destruction unlike wars before it. In an attempt to end the conflict, Lincoln issued an executive order that threatened to free the slaves in the rebelling states if they did not end their revolt. In an attempt to end the conflict, Lincoln issued an executive order that threatened to free the slaves in the rebelling states if they did not end their revolt. None did and the slaves in states that claimed to be part of the Confederacy were freed. None did and the slaves in states that claimed to be part of the Confederacy were freed. The Emancipation Proclamation, as this executive order is called, changed the goal of the war. While Lincoln’s goal at the outset of the war was to stop secession, it changed to settling the issue of slavery. While Lincoln’s goal at the outset of the war was to stop secession, it changed to settling the issue of slavery. The Emancipation Proclamation was the first step in this transformation. The change can be seen in the Gettysburg Address, in which he reiterated the creed of “all men being created equal,” from the Declaration of Independence. The Emancipation Proclamation was the first step in this transformation. The change can be seen in the Gettysburg Address, in which he reiterated the creed of “all men being created equal,” from the Declaration of Independence. In 1864, as the war was nearing an end, Lincoln pushed for the proposal of a constitutional amendment to outlaw slavery. In 1864, as the war was nearing an end, Lincoln pushed for the proposal of a constitutional amendment to outlaw slavery. The 13th Amendment was proposed by over 2/3 of both houses of Congress in January 1865 and sent to the states for ratification. The 13th Amendment was proposed by over 2/3 of both houses of Congress in January 1865 and sent to the states for ratification. In December 1865, ¾ of the states approved the amendment, making it a permanent change to the Constitution and outlawing slavery once and for all. In December 1865, ¾ of the states approved the amendment, making it a permanent change to the Constitution and outlawing slavery once and for all.

21. Step 5: Complete the Evidence and Analysis boxes on your Spartan Writing Template (SWT)

22. Step 6: Write your claim.

23. Throughout United States history, Congress has passed legislation to address important political, social, or economic issues. These laws have often had a significant impact on American society. One important piece of legislation that had a major impact was the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

24. Step 7: Determine the relevancy of your evidence in supporting your claim.

25. Step 8: Complete a concluding sentence box on your Spartan Writing Template (SWT).

26. Step 9: Write your response (using the Spartan Writing Template [SWT])

27. Step 10: Self-Assess your paragraph using the Spartan Writing Rubric