1. Soran University- College of Education English Department Phonology – Syllable tree diagram Talib M. Sharif Omer Assistant lecturer Email: Talib.omer@soran.edu.iqTalib.omer@soran.edu.iq December 17, 2015 1

2. Outline Syllable tree diagram Onset, Peak Coda Patterns of syllable 2

3. Tree diagram The tree syllable can be structured hierarchically into the following components:- 3

4. Tree diagram English word "plant" consists of a single CCVCC syllable. This syllable has been broken up into its onset and its rhyme. The rhyme has been further divided into the nucleus, which in the vast majority of syllables is a vowel and the coda, which are any consonants following the nucleus. 4

5. Tree diagram For examples: flounce: onset = /fl/ rhyme = /aʊns/ nucleus = /aʊ/ coda = /ns/ 5

6. Tree diagram Rhyme The rhyme is the vowel plus any following consonants. Take an example 'plant' is a Syllable that is composed of an Onset = /pl/ and a Rhyme = /ænt/ (the rhyme is obligatory = the head of the syllable) 6

7. Onset, Coda, Peak Onset: when a consonant starts as at the beginning by a word; the word starts by consonant. For example, bar, car, book. Coda: when a constant is found at the end of a word; the word should be ended by consonant. For example, am, eat, up, on, Peak: when the vowel if found in the center of the world.e,g book, can, look, 7

8. Onset, Coda, Peak 1-Zero onset: when the syllable starts of a vowel. 2-zero coda when the syllable ends of a vowel. 8

9. Zero onset and coda E.G bye /bai/ b is the onset and ai is the zero coda. Easy /i:zi/ the first i: is zero onset, the send one is zero coda 9

10. Example Careful Airplane, economy, flood, nationalizations 10

11. Notes When syllable if found in the middle, two features should be considered: what are they? 11

12. Syllable pattern: English syllable can be grouped into basic patterns 1-Open: a syllable that ends a vowel sound, typically a long vowel sound. For example, three, 2-Closed: a syllable that ends in a consonant sound. e.g. Look 3- Vowel pair: a syllable with two pair vowel graphemes together involving diphthongs, eat, boy,toy. 4- VCe: ends in vowel-consonant-e pattern often with a long vowel sound. like, kite, bike, 12

13. Questions Questions and comments? 13

14. References Note "For more information please check the following references: -Roach, Petter(2000) Phonetics and Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. -O'Connor, J.D (1980). Better English Pronunciation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - Eka, D. (2014) Introduction to phonetics and phonology of English. Nigeria: Nigeria University Press. 14

15. Ends 15