1. PROTECTIONS IN THE BILL OF RIGHTS Civics 6-2

2. Bill Of Rights (1791) How the Federalists got the Anti-Federalists to ratify the Constitution First 10 amendments to the Constitution Doesn’t “amend” the constitution, just spells out guaranteed rights Three categories  Individual freedoms  Protections against government abuse of power  Rights of citizens accused of crimes

3. First Amendment Freedom of religion (separation of church and state) Freedom of speech (excludes slander and lies) Freedom of the press (excludes slander and words that could endanger someone) Freedom of Petition Freedom of Assembly (peacefully, cannot interfere with others’ rights) Bill Nye hosts an assembly regarding water conservation laws.

4. Second Amendment Third Amendment Right to own weapons/bear arms (owning guns) American Revolution still in the minds of the legislative representatives Highly controversial Citizens can’t be forced to house soldiers; except during wartime (if Congress requires) Prevention of Great Britain’s Quartering Act Second and Third Amendments

5. Fourth Amendment Eighth Amendment Prevents searches and seizures by anyone unless given written consent (known as a search warrant) from a judge Parliament allowed unreasonable searches Protects suspects Allows suspects to post bail (prevents the bail from being too high) Prevents “cruel and unusual punishments” e.g. whipping, branding Fourth and Eighth Amendments

6. Fifth Amendment Miranda Warning given to suspects at arrest  “You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You are entitled to have an attorney present when you are questioned. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you at public expense” Confessions by suspect must be freely given Protection from double jeopardy – can’t be tried twice for the same crime Gov. can’t seize property without paying a fair price

7. Sixth Amendment Seventh Amendment Guarantees the right to a fair, public trial and a free lawyer Can see prosecutor and can ask questions of witnesses Can’t be kept in jail for too long pre-trial Allows jury trials in cases regarding property or a monetary value of at least $20 Sixth and Seventh Amendments

8. Ninth Amendment Tenth Amendment Gov. can’t state that the rights listed in the Bill of Rights are the only rights people have Powers not owned by the federal Gov. are given to the states (not listed in Constitution) Ninth and Tenth Amendments Republican leaders discuss the tenth amendment, which many conservative values are based on.