1. Applications at the Intersection of Weather and Climate Mark Brooks State Climate Office of North Carolina NC State University Raleigh, NC August 6, 2010 3 rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group Charlotte, NC

2. 3 rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010 State Climate Office of NC Climate-environment interaction Extension Research Education

3. 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010 NC ECONet Standard weather parameters plus: –Solar radiation –Photosynthetically active radiation –Soil temperature –Soil moisture –Evapotranspiration

4. Climate Services Role of NC State Climate Office Examples 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

5. Time Scales Weather –Right now –Short-term Climate –Long range –Past and future

6. 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010 Transportation Tourism Energy Retail Health Agriculture Construction

7. Frequent Climate Questions Weather on a particular date? Time series for the month or YTD Departure from normal? # rain days 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

8. Role of State Climate Office Local expertise Translate public’s needs Provide data Educate Research Multi-disciplinary Support 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

9. Examples 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

10. NC DOT

11. 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010 Conventional Approach

12. 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010 Precipitation Estimates from RADAR Radar provides high spatial resolution. Reflectivity very sensitive to droplet diameter. Z = reflectivity factor N = refractivity D = droplet diameter

13. 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010 Precipitation Estimates from RADAR Many sources of error in radar estimates: –Specific Reflectivity to Rain rate relationships used –Bright banding in the melting zone –Attenuation –Refraction of the radar beam –Precipitation from low-level clouds

14. 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

15. Solution (RADAR+ gages) MPE = Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimates –Digital precipitation estimates from NCEP at a resolution of 4.765 km. –RADAR + surface gages –Best of both worlds!

16. 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

24. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

25. NOAA SECART - Raleigh, NC - July 20, 2010 Cucurbit Downy Mildew 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

26. NOAA SECART - Raleigh, NC - July 20, 20103rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

27. Challenges Disseminating information Relationships between climate and society Numerical weather models High-quality environmental observations Quality Control 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

28. Mark Brooks State Climate Office of NC NC State University mark_brooks@ncsu.edu 919-515-1446

29. Supplementary slides 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

30. www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/cronos

31. 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

33. Regional Climate Centers 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

34. TIMS Turf grass Irrigation Management System algorithm-based irrigation guidance www.turffiles.ncsu.edu/tims

35. MPE www.nc-climate.ncsu.edu/mpe_departure/ 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

36. Cucurbit Downy Mildew http://cdm.ipmpipe.org 3rd Annual Meeting of the Midwest Weather Working Group – Charlotte, NC – August 6, 2010

37. Acknowledgements North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. Office of Extension, Engagement and Economic Development at NC State University. Center for Turfgrass Environmental Research and Education NOAA/NWS, NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC, USDA, USGS Bob Holman, Matt Lauffer, NC DOT Charles Peacock, Dan Bowman, Jenifer Reynolds, Emily Erikson, NCSU Crop Sci. Thomas Keever, Wendy Britton, and Peter O, NCSU Plant Pathology Asimina Mila, NCSU Plant Pathology Colleagues who helped initiate and maintain the AgNet program before 1997 All staff colleagues and graduate students at the State Climate Office of NC.