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What is Chemistry? SIMPLY PUT, IT’S THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOUR OF MATTER.

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Presentation on theme: "What is Chemistry? SIMPLY PUT, IT’S THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOUR OF MATTER."— Presentation transcript:

1 What is Chemistry? SIMPLY PUT, IT’S THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION, PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOUR OF MATTER

2 Matter: Properties and Changes  Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.(e.g. your desk)  Matter is described by its features or Properties.  Physical Properties describe how matter appears or anything that can be observed without forming a new substance. (e.g. colour)  Chemical Properties describes the characteristics of how matter reacts, or fails to react, making a new substance. (e.g. flammable)  A Physical Change occurs when no new substance is formed. (e.g. ice melting / water freezing)  A Chemical Change on the other hand, produces a new substance (e.g. sodium chloride, table salt)

3 The Classification of Matter

4 Mixtures and Pure Substances  A Pure Substance is matter made solely of one kind of material. (e.g. distilled water)  A Mixture is made of more than one pure substance. (e.g. toothpaste)  Heterogenoeus or Mechanical Mixtures are formed by two or more visible parts. (e.g. salad)  Homogenous Mixtures or Solutions occur when one substance dissolves into another and appears as one. (e.g. sugar water)

5 Elements and Compounds  Elements are pure substances that are not easily broken down (e.g. hydrogen)  All Elements are made of tiny units called atoms. Atoms have smaller charged particles called Protons (+), Electrons (-) and Neutrons (+/-)  Protons and Neutrons are found in the Nucleus of the item and the Electrons move around the nucleus in specific orbits. The first ring around the nucleus is limited to 2 electrons, followed by 8 in the second, third, and so forth. Elements are most stable with 8 electrons in their outer valence (e.g. Noble gases)  Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams are used to show the number and specific arrangement of electrons in an element.  Compounds is a pure substance that is made of 2 or more elements in a particular ratio (e.g. Sodium Chloride Na + + Cl - → NaCl )

6 The Periodic Table

7 The Table Divided  The elements in the periodic table are arranged by atomic number.  Rows are called periods.  Columns are called groups or families. They share a common electron valence.  If expressed in standard notation as in the sodium atom below, along with the symbol (Na) and common Ionic charge (+), it has the atomic mass (23) (weight when compared to a carbon atom) and the atomic number (11) which is also the number or protons in the nucleus and electrons in its orbit.  To determine the amount of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the mass number (12) (what is left of the 23 particles in the atom assumed to be neutral).

8 The Table Continued…  The table is divided into several groups or families.  The most common groups are metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

9 Properties of Metals  Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.  Metals are shiny.  Metals are ductile (can be stretched into thin wires).  Metals are malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets).  A chemical property of metal is its reaction with water which results in corrosion.

10 Properties of Non-Metals  Non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity.  Non-metals are not ductile or malleable.  Solid non-metals are brittle and break easily.  They are dull.  Many non-metals are gases. Sulfur

11 Properties of Metalloids  Metalloids (metal-like) have properties of both metals and non-metals.  They are solids that can be shiny or dull.  They conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals.  They are ductile and malleable. Silicon

12 The Bohr-Rutherford Diagram  As mentioned before, these diagrams are used to show the number and specific arrangement of electrons in an element.  In the nucleus, place the element symbol in standard notation. This will easily allow you to determine how many valence electrons the element has.  The amount of electrons in the outer valence determines how reactive an element is (e.g. sodium is very reactive with water)  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmcfsEEogxs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmcfsEEogxs  These are some examples of B-R diagrams. Copy the correct format from the blackboard.

13 Check Your Understanding  Complete the following questions from your textbook:  #1-4 on page 163.  #1-6 on page 167.  #1-4 on page170  A, B D-F on page 166.


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