1. BA 9/9 (3 rd Block) What does the Constitution mean to you? (Ex: your right to Freedom of Speech) Why do you feel this way?

2. BA 01/21 1. Who wrote Common Sense? What was its importance? 2. Why was the French alliance important to the Revolutionary War? 3. Why was Marquis de Lafayette important? 4. What was the last major battle in the Revolutionary War?

3. Treaty of Paris 1783 Peace talks after Revolutionary War Includes United States, Great Britain, France, and Spain John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, & John Jay sent to negotiate treaty for US

4. 3 Effects of 1783 Treaty 1. US granted independence 2. US gains all land east of Mississippi River & from Maine to Georgia 3. British businesses receive money owed 4. Loyalists able to sue for lost property

5. Post Revolutionary War continued Many colonists scared of large government & want states to rule independently  Don’t want to be run like British King US creates Articles of Confederation

6. Adoption of the U.S. Constitution Chapter 5 SSUSH5 The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution. a. Explain how weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and Daniel Shays’ Rebellion led to a call for a stronger central government. b. Evaluate the major arguments of the anti-Federalists and Federalists during the debate on ratification of the Constitution as put forth in The Federalist concerning form of government, factions, checks and balances, and the power of the executive, including the roles of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. c. Explain the key features of the Constitution, specifically the Great Compromise, separation of powers (influence of Montesquieu), limited government, and the issue of slavery.

7. Post Revolutionary War With Britain gone, US must create its own government Difficult to decide role of states & national government  Most countries still ruled by kings

8. Post Revolutionary War continued Many colonists scared of large government & want states to rule independently  Don’t want to be run like British King US creates Articles of Confederation

9. Articles of Confederation Original US government Creates powers for 2 levels of government: 1. State government 2. National government State government more powerful than national

10. Articles of Confederation Roles of national government 1. declare war, make peace, sign treaties 2. borrow money 3. Create Post Office 4. Deal with Natives Roles of state: 1. make money 2. make army 3. trade laws 4. all other rules of government

11. 3 Problems with Articles of Confederation 1. Articles unable to solve major problems affecting US 2. States cannot agree on issues & national government is useless 3. US going broke & cannot tax  Owe millions to European countries from war

12. Shays’ Rebellion Shay: MA farmer & veteran of Revolutionary War In heavy debt Afraid of losing farm to debtor's court and going to debtors’ prison Demand debt courts shut down to stop people from losing farms

13. Shays’ Rebellion continued 1786: creates army of 1,200 farmers to attack Springfield Arsenal  Take guns and move to shut down courts Causes panic & talk of new, stronger government Importance: leads to creation of US Constitution

14. 13 Colonies

15. Creation of the Constitution After Shays’ Rebellion, states meet to create new, stronger government Meet in Philadelphia, PA  Called Constitutional Convention RI only state not to show

16. BA 9/13 (3 rd Block) 1. What is the original form of government in the US? 2. What are 3 problems with the Articles of Confederation? 3. What is the outcome of Shay’s Rebellion?

17. 3 Major Constitutional Issues 1. Type of government 2. Slavery 3. Separation of powers

18. 1. Type of Government Argument over power between big & small states  Small states afraid of being overrun by larger states Led to the creation of 2 plans: A. Virginia Plan B. New Jersey Plan

19. A. Virginia Plan Created by James Madison  4 th US President VA Plan: bicameral legislature based on a state’s population Bicameral: two houses of government  House of Representatives & Senate Legislature: lawmakers of US

20. Virginia Plan continued In VA Plan, voters elect members of House of Representatives who elect Senate Small states hate plan  Gave power to states with big populations Ex: Virginia, New York, Massachusetts

21. B. New Jersey Plan One house Congress where each state has equal vote Favored by states with small populations  Ex: New Jersey, Rhode Island, Maryland Disagreement over plans leads to Great Compromise

22. BA 1/23 1. What are 3 effects of the Treaty of Paris 1783? 2. What are 3 problems with the Articles of Confederation? 3. What is the outcome of Shay’s Rebellion? 4. Describe the Virginia Plan. Which types of states wanted it? 5. Describe the New Jersey Plan. Which type of states wanted it?

23. Great Compromise Bicameral legislature that rewards big & small states Bicameral Legislature: 1. House of Representatives: lower house where representatives based on state’s population  More people in state=more people in House of Reps 2. Senate: upper house where each state has equal vote  2 Senators per state

24. The great compromise

25. BA 1/23 1. What are the 3 problems of the Articles of Confederation? 2. What is the outcome of Shay’s Rebellion? 3. Describe the Virginia Plan. Which types of states wanted it? 4. Describe the New Jersey Plan. Which type of states wanted it? 5. Explain the Great Compromise. Why is it important?

26. 2. Slavery Question whether slaves count as state’s population when deciding number of members in House of Representatives South wants slaves to count  Had more slaves than North Creates Three-Fifths Compromise Three-Fifths Compromise: 3/5ths of state’s slaves to be counted as population  Ex: 1 million slaves= 600,000 people

27. BA 9/15 (3 rd Block) 1. Why does the South want slaves to count as part of the population? 2. What is the 3/5 th Compromise?

28. Slavery continued Next, southern states afraid North would push to end slave trade North more concerned with voting and economic power than morality of slavery Convention agrees to allow slave trade for 20 more years (1787-1807)  Will become a problem in 1807

29. 3. Separation of Governmental Powers Designed to strengthen national government while preventing dictatorship Constitutional power divided into 2 groups: A. State vs. Federal power B. Limited powers of Federal positions

30. A. State vs. Federal Create federalism Federalism: system of government that divides power between national & state governments Federal (national) powers: foreign policy, national defense, trade between states, create money  Washington, D.C. State powers: education, marriage laws, trade in state Both governments can tax, borrow money, and make courts

31. B. Federal Positions Create 3 branches of government: 1. Legislative: make laws (Congress)  House of Representatives & Senate 2. Executive: carries out laws (President) 3. Judicial: interprets the law (Courts)

32. Federal Positions continued Next, create system of checks and balances Checks and balances: limit powers granted to each branch ensuring one branch does not dominate government  Idea from French philosopher Charles Montesquieu Examples: President can veto Congress’ laws Congress can remove President Supreme Court decides meaning of Congress’ laws

33. Separation of Powers