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Chapter 5 Section 3 Creating the Constitution
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Great Compromise Agreement providing a dual system of congressional representation Three-Fifths Compromise Agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in Congress Electoral College A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president Federalists Supporters of the constitution Federalism A form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national government and the states Anti-Federalism Those that opposed ratification of the Constitution
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Creating the Constitution Great Compromise Agreement providing a dual system of congressional representation Three-Fifths Compromise Agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in Congress Electoral College A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president Federalists Supporters of the constitution Federalism A form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national government and the states Anti-Federalism Those that opposed ratification of the Constitution
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Creating the Constitution Philadelphia Convention 1787- States met in Philadelphia to fix articles of confederation All but Rhode Island sent delegates Convention began in Philadelphia May 25, 1787 55 men as delegates Benjamin Franklin was the oldest 2 would become presidents (Washington, Madison) 19 Senators, and 13 Representatives, 8 judges (including 4 Supreme Court justices)
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Creating the Constitution Philadelphia Convention (Constitutional Convention) George Washington was chosen to preside over the convention Each State would have 1 vote Simple Majority would decide the issue (7 votes) Work was kept secret Changing Articles of Confederation was not enough, It was too weak, Government needed new Constitution
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Creating the Constitution Creating the Constitution Virginia Plan Proposed by Edmund Randolph of Virginia Had President, courts and bicameral congress Representation in each house base on population Large State would have more votes than small states Appealed to higher population states Feared by small populations states
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Creating the Constitution Creating the Constitution New Jersey Plan June 15 – William Patterson Government similar to Articles of Confederation Unicameral- equal representation Congress could set taxes and regulate trade
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Creating the Constitution Creating the Constitution The Great Compromise Debate lasted 6 weeks Roger Sherman of Connecticut and his committee came up with the answer 2 houses (Bicameral) Senate- Equal representation House of Representatives- Population based Also known as the Connecticut Compromise
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Creating the Constitution Creating the Constitution The Three-Fifths Compromise What would be done about the 550,000 African Americans many of whom were slaves South wanted to count them in population, but North opposed idea Every 5 Slaves would count as 3 delegates, or every slave would count as 3/5 of a person
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Creating the Constitution Creating the Constitution Other Compromises Congress could regulate trade between states along with other countries, but couldn’t tax exports or interfere with slave trade until 1808 Some thought that people should elect president, while others thought congress should choose, Came up with the idea of the Electoral College
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Creating the Constitution Balancing Viewpoints September 17, 1787 Constitution was signed by all but three of the 42 delegates that remained At least 9 of the 13 states had to ratify Federalists- Supporters of the Constitution Only a Strong National Government could protect the new Nation Wrote Federalist Papers- essays supporting the Constitution All wrote under the name Publius Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote them Published in newspapers around the country
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Creating the Constitution Anti-Federalists- Opposed Constitution Would take away liberties, ignore the will of the states (too strong of a national government) Wouldn’t ratify without a Bill of Rights June 21, 1788- New Hampshire is the 9 th state to Ratify the Constitution, Rhode Island is the last in 1790. Bill of Rights 1789-10 amendments (changes) put in to protect citizens rights Ratified by 1791
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