1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 1 Planning Reports and Proposals

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 2 Effective Reports and Proposals Content and Layout Length and Complexity Frequency Audience Informational Reports Informational Reports Proposals Analytical Reports Analytical Reports

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 3 The Three-Step Process Analyze Situation Gather Information Select Medium Get Organized Revise Produce Proofread Distribute Adapt to the Audience Compose the Message PlanningCompletingWriting

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 4 Analyze the Situation Define Your Purpose Define Prepare the Work Plan Prepare

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 5 Gather the Information AudienceAudience PurposePurpose

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 6 Select the Medium DigitalFormat MediaRequirementsMediaRequirements FeedbackPreferencesFeedbackPreferences MediaPreferencesMediaPreferences SubjectMatterSubjectMatter HardcopyFormat Multimedia Format

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 7 Organize the Information Direct Approach Indirect Approach Conclusions and Recommendations Recommendations Overall Findings Objective Support Overall Findings Discussion and Support Conclusions and Recommendations Recommendations

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 8 Supporting Your Messages 1.Plan your research 2.Locate data and information 3.Process data and information 4.Apply your findings 5.Manage information efficiently

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 9 Plan Your Research Subject Knowledge Problem Statement Research Purpose

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 10 Ethics and Etiquette Do not force a specific outcome Respect privacy of participants Document and credit your sources Respect intellectual property rights Do not distort information Do not misrepresent your intentions

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 11 Data and Information PrimaryResearchPrimaryResearch SecondaryResearchSecondaryResearch

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 12 Evaluating Your Sources Source’s Reputation Potential Bias Purpose of the Material Author’s Credibility

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 13 Evaluating Your Sources Information Sources Independent Verification Date of Publication Completeness of Material

14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 14 Secondary Research Inside CompanyOutside Company Reports and Memos Other Documents Print Resources Online Resources

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 15 Using the Library Newspapers Business Books Almanacs Government Documents Periodicals Directories Statistical Resources Electronic Databases

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 16 Internet Search Tools Search Engines WebDirectoriesWebDirectoriesOnlineDatabasesOnlineDatabasesMetasearchEnginesMetasearchEngines

17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 17 Search Techniques Keywords Boolean Operators Natural Language Forms-Based

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 18 Fine Tune Search Methods Read the instructions Observe the details Review your options Vary the search terms Adjust the search scope

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 19 Innovative Search Tools Desktop Search Engines Enterprise Search Engines Research Managers Content Managers Social Bookmarking Sites Newsfeeds

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 20 Documenting Sources Direct Quotations Common Knowledge Summarizing Paraphrasing Credit Sources Credit Sources Build Credibility Build Credibility Help Readers Help Readers

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 21 Primary Research Experiments Observations InterviewsSurveys

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 22 Conducting Surveys Reliable Sample Valid Sample Avoid Sampling Bias Representative Sample

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 23 Effective Questionnaires Clear Instructions Effective Questions Easy to Answer Adaptive Survey

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 24 Internet Surveys Save Time Minimize Cost

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 25 Conducting Interviews Selecting the Questions Asking the Questions Open-Ended Closed Set the Sequence Be Proactive

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 26 Types of Interviews Face-to-FaceE-mailFocus Group Reactions to Questions Reactions to Questions Nonverbal Signals Nonverbal Signals Access to Experts Access to Experts Thoughtful Responses Thoughtful Responses Group Dynamics Group Dynamics Information Richness Information Richness

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 27 Data and Information Quoting Summarizing Concluding Paraphrasing Analyzing Recommending

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 28 Analyzing Numeric Data Overall Trends Cross-Tabulation Mean Median Mode

29. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 29 Processing Information Avoid Plagiarism Summarizing Paraphrasing Quoting Cite Sources Observe Context

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 30 Apply Your Findings RecommendingRecommendingConcludingConcluding

31. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 31 Planning Informational Reports Monitor and Control Operations Demonstrate Compliance Implement Policies and Procedures Document Progress

32. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 32 Organizing Informational Reports Comparison Importance Sequence Chronology Geography Category Spatial Orientation Topical Organization

33. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 33 Organizing Websites Demanding Users Difficult Reading Non-Linear Format Multidimensional

34. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 34 Information Architecture Vertical Hierarchy Horizontal Division Hyperlinks

35. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 35 Planning Analytical Reports Assess Opportunities Solve Problems Support Decisions Market Analysis Due Diligence Troubleshooting Failure Analysis Feasibility Justification

36. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 36 Challenges of Analytical Reports PersuasionPersuasion ResponsibilityResponsibility InvestigationInvestigation

37. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 37 Defining the Problem What needs to be determined? Why is this issue important? Who is involved in the situation? Where is the trouble located? How did the situation originate? When did it start?

38. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 38 Methods of Organization Focus on Conclusions Focus on Recommendations Focus on Logical Arguments IndirectDirect Audience AttitudeReceptiveSkeptical Preferred Strategy

39. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 39 Focus on Conclusions AdvantagesDisadvantages Easy to Use Bottom-Line Driven Possible Resistance Oversimplification

40. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 40 Focus on Recommendations 1.Establish the need for action 2.Introduce the overall benefits 3.List the required steps 4.Explain each step more fully 5.Summarize the recommendations

41. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 41 Focus on Logical Arguments Hostile Readers Skeptical Readers Indirect Approach Rational Approach 2 + 2 = 4 Approach 2 + 2 = 4 Approach Yardstick Approach Yardstick Approach

42. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 42 Planning Proposals Internal Proposals Research Projects Management Support New Equipment External Proposals Sales Proposals Investment Proposals Grant Proposals

43. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 43 Types of Proposals Solicited Unsolicited Type of Approach IndirectDirect Type of Audience UninterestedInterested

44. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice HallChapter 11 - 44 Planning Reports and Proposals