1. Lesson 2: Life in Ancient Egypt ***Notes***
During the Old Kingdom period, Egypt was a THEOCRACY. This means that one all-powerful ruler was responsible for the nation’s political AND religious affairs.
Egyptians were fiercely loyal to their pharaoh because they believed that the unity of their kingdom depended upon his strong rule.
The pharaoh held total power AND owned all the land in Egypt. There was NO such thing as private property.
To make his job more manageable, the pharaoh appointed BUREAUCRATS to help him rule/govern. The bureaucrats would supervise construction and collect taxes.
The ancient Egyptians believed that their gods/goddesses controlled both natural forces and human activities.
The ancient Egyptians believed that the afterlife would be better than their present life.

2. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses
Amon-Ra—god of the sun; chief god
Osiris—god of the dead; ruler of the underworld; husband of Isis
Thoth—god of learning
Bast—goddess of cats
Set—god of chaos, evil, deserts, and storms
Horus—god of the sky AND war
Hathor—goddess of love
Isis—goddess of magic, marriage, healing, AND motherhood; wife of Osiris
Anubis—god of embalming and the dead
Hapi—god of the Nile River
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses

3. The Embalming Process

4. The History of Mummification