2. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Water: Resource At Risk! MathScience Innovation Center

4. How do you use water everyday?

5. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center How much water is available for human use? Oceans Atmosphere Rivers Icecaps 97.248 % 2.14 % 0.001 % 0.0001 % Groundwater 0.615 % Lakes 0.009 %

6. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Where do you get your drinking water? Most water pollution is INVISIBLE! Pollution has many sources Most harmful pollution is from NON-POINT sources.

7. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Save Lake Helena!

8. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Back in the 1960’s, Lake Helena was part of a rural landscape. All that existed around the lake was a dairy farm and an apple orchard. Later a small fishing access and parking lot were built to allow for public boating. A campground with a store and laundromat followed and attracted many summer visitors.

9. Then in the 1980’s, summer houses were built along the shore, and several are now under construction. All of these changes have greatly affected the water quality on Lake Helena.

10. The Farmer The Orchard Motorboat owner Fisherman Campers Laundromat Homeowner Construction House Painter Motorists Sources of pollution…

11. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Please help! What can you do to improve the water quality of Lake Helena?

12. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Water Treatment Facility Aeration Coagulation Sedimentati on Filtration Disinfection

13. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Testing Lake Helena’s water! Test the INITIAL pH RECORD YOUR RESULTS!

14. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Testing Lake Helena’s water! Test the INITIAL NITRATES RECORD YOUR RESULTS!

15. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Clean up Lake Helena’s water! Step One: AERATION Step Two: COAGULATION Step Three: SEDIMENTATION

16. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Can we ever run out of water?

17. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center

18. Do you know where your water has been? Image : www.RecycleWorks.org

19. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center What watershed do you live in?

20. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center How does NATURE filter water? BIOTIC FACTORS

21. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Natural Filters Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, and macroinvertebrates!

22. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Groundwater! Watch & Learn!

23. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Groundwater or Aquifers A water bearing soil that is capable of yielding enough water for human use.

24. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Clean up Lake Helena’s water! Step Four: FILTRATION

25. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center 21 st Century Science! Scientists can now study the patterns in nature through a new field called: FRACTALS

26. How are fractals important to understanding the sciences?

27. “Clouds are not spheres, …”

28. “mountains are not cones, …”

29. “coastlines are not circles, …”

30. “ and bark is not smooth, …”

31. “nor does lightning travel in a straight line.” Benoit Mandelbrot

32. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Fractal Filtration

33. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Filtering Results Test the final pH and Ammonia levels in the FILTERED water sample. RECORD YOUR RESULTS! Calculate the change in pH and ammonia levels. Use arrows to indicate whether your readings went up, down, or an “X” if it stayed the same. X

34. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Results PebblesFine Sand Coarse Sand Coral Charcoal Ammonia pH

35. © 2007 MathScience Innovation Center Conclusions Why is it important to protect our water sources? What role does groundwat er play in the water cycle? How are fractals importan t in the field of science?