1. NRSFIA regen indicator NRS-FIA Management Team Meeting December 1-2, 2015 Albany, NY Williams H. McWilliams NRS-FIA, Analytical Science Group Dan Devlin (SF) Jim Grace (SF prev) Matt Keefer Shawn Lehman Amanda Parks Steve Sterner RWU NRS-2: Pat Brose, Steve Horsley, Todd Ristau, Alejandro Royo, Susan Stout RWU NRS-3: Kurt Gottschalk, Gary Miller RWU NRS-5: Will McWilliams, Chip Scott, Jim Westfall Bob White Lois Demarco Joshua Hansen Deer Management Plan Ben Jones Chris Rosenberry Todd Bowersox Jim Finley Peter Gould Larry McCormick Melanie Northrup Marc McDill Kim Steiner and many others PA Regeneration Study In Progress Adopters Chris Zimmerman (NY) Rebecca Shirer (NY) Forest Inventory on PA Game Lands Dave Gustafson Paul Lupo Forest Inventory (National Capital Region) John Schmit Jim Northrup Wildlife Management Plan Keith Krantz Forest Inventory Inventory and Monitoring Program (Northeastern Regions) RWU NRS-11: Dan Dey, John Kabrick, Steve Shifley RWU NRS-5: Will McWilliams, Jim Westfall University of Missouri: Lance Vickers, Ben Knapp Regeneration Metrics Forest Vegetation Simulator John Shaw (National FIA FVS Team Lead) Chad Keyser Under Consideration University of Minnesota: TBA University of Maine: TBA University of Vermont: Anthony Di’Amato

2. Regeneration Indicator What is it? A Subcomponent of the Vegetation Indicator: 1)Vegetation Profile 2)Invasive Plant Survey 3)Regeneration Indicator All Established Seedlings >= 2-inches Tall Check Root-Collar-Diameter for Large-Seeded Species (to check competitiveness, e.g. Oaks) Tally by Six Length (Height) Classes Average Time is 15 Minutes Per Microplot Browse Impact Code Very Low Low Medium High Very High MicroplotPlot 2 inches to 6 inches 3 feet tall to 5 feet Greater than 10-feet 5 feet to 10 feet 1 foot tall to 3 feet 6 inches tall to 1 foot Subplot

3. Regeneration Indicator Why is it Important? % of Forest LandForest-Type Group% 0 to 20 Years 36Oak / hickory5 25Maple / beech / birch4 9Aspen / birch23 9Spruce / fir7 8Elm / ash / cottonwood7 5White / red / jack pine9 Today’s Older Forests Will Need Replaced Regeneration Drives Young Forest Habitat Quality Young Forests Drive Future Stand Condition/Value Young Forests are Rare Across the Landscape Young Forests Support Unique Wildlife and Plants Young Forests Contribute Unique Biodiversity Regeneration is Under Stress: Native Invasive Plants Non-Native Invasive Plants Non-native pests and diseases Browse Pressure Changing climate Fragmentation Passive management Stressors interactions! Golden-Winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) Photo by Laura Erickson

4. Regeneration Indicator Progress Update: Field and Data Field: Complete: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Database: Complete: 2012, 2013, 2014 Baseline = 7 years

5. Regeneration Indicator Data Access from Year One http://apps.fs.fed.us/fiadb-downloads/datamart.html

6. Regeneration Indicator Data are Two Clicks Away http://apps.fs.fed.us/fiadb-downloads/datamart.html Click 1 Click 2

7. Regeneration Indicator Core Tables (WI 2014) Population (# of seedlings) SPCDCOMMON_NAME2" to 6"SE @ 67%6" to 1'SE @ 67%1' to 3'SE @ 67%3' to 5'SE @ 67%5' to 10'SE @ 67%> 10'SE @ 67% TotalSE @ 67% 12balsam fir1,247,404,41024.013815,443,52323.061,273,797,59820.563680,372,01624.123586,539,67527.38873,003,32966.05 4,676,560,55117.786 68eastern redcedar16,282,47771.1480.0.8,084,588101.1338,197,888100.110. 32,564,95349.914 71tamarack (native)32,484,680103.94678,540,38375.337283,350,63863.385173,346,11957.843396,809,56372.60829,854,34280.258 994,385,72561.404 94white spruce0.16,201,36070.8750.8,003,472100.3470.0. 24,204,83257.704 95black spruce120,133,19687.365126,918,70772.35380,848,92440.074158,736,49140.11945,910,21862.9020. 832,547,53637.69 105jack pine0.8,197,888100.1124,253,765101.13316,169,176101.13332,257,23780.0130. 80,878,06682.111 125red pine16,088,06071.23824,091,53274.81480,861,31853.17824,172,64875.3678,003,472100.3470. 153,217,03055.197 129eastern white pine871,147,14270.805352,347,18343.214520,695,62735.055304,520,76843.498208,673,52049.09472,031,24874.498 2,329,415,48837.764 130Scotch pine0.8,197,888100.110.0.0.0. 8,197,888100.11 241northern white-cedar160,150,55642.311288,124,99150.677224,097,21586.6156,024,30487.05840,017,36072.030. 768,414,42657.005 261eastern hemlock170,426,87499.17737,663,39866.87932,013,88870.6040.0.0. 240,104,15980.715 313boxelder204,833,90792.30524,593,665100.1151,170,05246.84964,546,65756.42924,091,53257.98,084,588101.133 377,320,40259.715 316red maple18,509,848,93424.8965,668,607,77417.8795,697,871,74519.2421,045,514,71322.025805,086,08926.205489,460,71825.583 32,216,389,97518.406 317silver maple994,249,45667.75824,593,665100.110.0.0.0. 1,018,843,12168.338 318sugar maple7,103,654,33657.6192,114,603,29426.0863,659,760,08332.5681,336,823,16948.319576,882,16451.14353,449,31436.46 15,145,172,35933.076 319mountain maple568,246,51050.687344,149,29548.68504,218,73450.0656,024,30487.05896,041,66457.35932,013,88860.941 1,600,694,39549.443 356serviceberry spp.609,107,21736.443965,089,00424.9871,589,068,63121.244289,287,27139.224234,532,86237.64332,402,72149.93 3,719,487,70518.05 371yellow birch8,003,472100.34724,010,41674.49872,031,24845.1068,003,472100.3478,003,472100.3470. 120,052,08048.848 375paper birch163,640,51949.93994,157,65042.225138,165,41953.219233,683,98459.433195,129,62146.50740,406,19352.731 865,183,38639.482 391American hornbeam, musclewood832,442,20248.029720,718,05933.8811,813,052,76532.73438,274,76141.72280,559,28429.845168,072,91139.211 4,253,119,98329.365 402bitternut hickory325,135,71145.687330,216,56338.924200,945,58141.20740,211,77666.1958,003,472100.3470. 904,513,10332.334 407shagbark hickory8,003,472100.34764,546,65743.01332,176,12049.9110.8,197,888100.110. 112,924,13840.15 462hackberry147,448,68955.94840,876,14166.475106,232,64859.1510.8,197,888100.110. 302,755,36751.085 500hawthorn spp.32,013,888100.34772,031,24880.95872,274,59765.95516,088,06071.23832,095,00461.2780. 224,502,79768.35 531American beech0.0.8,003,472100.3470.8,003,472100.3478,003,472100.347 24,010,416100.347 541white ash188,038,92436.595820,408,54533.9971,839,998,33229.87330,136,29036.689210,488,94844.7697,468,25957.729 3,486,539,29927.773 543black ash2,554,405,42048.563857,830,28145.1211,966,864,73239.442706,332,12745.889328,223,46758.363176,238,61649.362 6,589,894,64334.556 544green ash576,412,21581.043449,995,26737.988796,985,22240.36161,107,20240.702104,596,20142.57724,010,41674.498 2,113,106,52344.79 602black walnut0.8,084,588101.13324,285,94958.0430.8,084,588101.1330. 40,455,12566.947 681white mulberry24,593,66574.46616,006,944100.34716,201,36070.8758,197,888100.110.0. 64,999,85758.623 682red mulberry0.8,197,888100.118,197,888100.110.0.0. 16,395,777100.11 701eastern hophornbeam328,223,46730.25323,369,21532.507713,769,09938.467320,706,69336.739232,830,73433.62964,271,12543.097 1,983,170,33229.528 742eastern cottonwood0.8,197,888100.1116,395,777100.110.0.0. 24,593,665100.11 743bigtooth aspen80,115,83658.07432,095,00461.27840,017,36052.41834,838,64376.33216,006,944100.34748,426,41371.141 251,500,20033.109 746quaking aspen236,221,98938.121518,160,25025.2391,281,987,52022.27330,185,69331.689564,540,88734.535569,277,62137.368 3,500,373,96018.323 761pin cherry0.16,282,47771.1488,084,588101.1330.16,006,94470.6040. 40,374,00953.265 762black cherry1,376,260,06130.7121,319,996,72316.1911,926,652,48617.05521,259,22318.931489,001,98723.894152,730,33335.406 5,785,900,81315.246 763chokecherry692,091,67938.776838,764,01629.2821,447,855,57926.984404,501,00437.869145,359,04244.43648,685,19752.779 3,577,256,51724.619 802white oak394,700,16656.334788,883,88557.412650,664,47250.58964,822,19066.70788,524,88966.81132,338,353101.133 2,019,933,95546.022 809northern pin oak189,480,95557.241585,351,36733.834680,877,62033.868214,339,77941.702145,068,07540.53880,602,53463.77 1,895,720,32826.848 823bur oak21,656,454103.946145,862,01845.115268,377,98655.487218,816,88547.12151,202,23647.1268,003,472100.347 713,919,05139.942 833northern red oak394,473,09631.0111,088,503,15522.115767,000,36126.58188,038,19238.69356,267,65362.6548,003,472100.347 2,402,285,92919.486 837black oak32,289,42061.33496,479,42943.727128,525,50151.97532,208,30479.0278,003,472100.34716,282,47771.148 313,788,60337.606 901black locust0.8,197,888100.110.0.0.0. 8,197,888100.11 921peachleaf willow8,197,888100.1116,395,777100.118,197,888100.118,197,888100.110.0. 40,989,441100.11 922black willow0.16,395,777100.1116,395,777100.1124,593,665100.11122,968,324100.110. 180,353,543100.11 923Bebb willow8,003,472100.34716,006,944100.3478,003,472100.3470.0.0. 32,013,888100.347 951American basswood120,052,08054.115136,140,14042.136297,750,78845.90216,169,17670.56524,253,76574.5838,084,588101.133 602,450,53731.952 972American elm306,645,22636.336370,299,60435.018474,378,23730.20488,119,30857.9640,179,59244.5118,003,472100.347 1,287,625,43926.77 974Siberian elm0.0.106,572,548100.1132,791,553100.118,197,888100.110. 147,561,989100.11 975slippery elm0.0.8,003,472100.3470.0.0. 8,003,472100.347 977rock elm8,003,472100.3470.40,017,360100.3470.16,006,944100.34716,006,944100.347 80,034,720100.347 ALL SPP 39,680,611,19216.73207298253549.42230,306,951,4418.4738,563,249,45511.1976,287,045,92510.6972,665,216,01514.374 108,232,899,3828.947

8. Regeneration Indicator Core Tables (WI 2014) Unit Area (# of seedlings/acre) COMMON_NAME2" to 6"SE @ 67%6" to 1'SE @ 67%1' to 3'SE @ 67%3' to 5'SE @ 67%5' to 10'SE @ 67%> 10'SE @ 67% TotalSE @ 67% balsam fir73.8124.148.2523.1275.3720.5540.25924.0934.70727.514.3265.7 276.7217.82 eastern redcedar0.9670.850.0.0.478101.060.485100.080. 1.9349.65 tamarack (native)1.92103.514.6574.7816.7763.0510.25757.3423.4872.381.76779.67 58.8461.01 white spruce0.0.9670.510.0.474100.360.0. 1.4357.41 black spruce7.1187.377.5171.8822.5439.479.39339.692.71762.50. 49.2637.13 jack pine0.0.4999.591.44101.060.957101.061.90979.990. 4.7981.99 red pine0.9571.21.4374.794.7852.851.4375.380.474100.360. 9.0755.03 eastern white pine51.5570.2920.8543.2330.8135.0718.01943.5612.34849.144.26274.51 137.8437.42 Scotch pine0.0.4999.590.0.0.0. 0.4999.59 northern white-cedar9.4842.3317.0550.713.2686.623.31587.072.36872.050. 45.4757.02 eastern hemlock10.0899.382.2367.071.8970.620.0.0. 14.2180.92 boxelder12.1291.771.4699.593.03473.81956.411.42657.870.478101.23 22.3359.22 red maple1095.2725335.4317.89337.1619.2161.86622.0847.63926.1928.96325.59 1906.3218.48 silver maple58.8367.71.46100.080.0.0.0. 60.2968.28 sugar maple420.3457.64125.1326.17216.5632.6479.10348.3434.13651.1520.91436.46 896.1833.13 mountain maple33.6250.7420.3648.7529.8450.13.31587.15.68357.441.89461.03 94.7249.5 serviceberry spp.36.0436.4657.1124.9294.0320.8117.11838.713.87837.491.91749.42 220.0917.69 yellow birch0.47100.441.4274.584.2645.190.474100.360.474100.360. 7.148.94 paper birch9.6850.015.5742.078.1852.6313.82858.8211.54645.832.39152.35 51.238.9 American hornbeam49.2648.0642.6533.93107.2832.7725.93441.7216.60129.929.94539.24 251.6729.41 bitternut hickory19.2445.5919.5438.7711.8941.122.37966.130.474100.360. 53.5232.18 shagbark hickory0.47100.363.8242.921.950.090.0.48599.750. 6.6840.09 hackberry8.7255.472.4265.976.2958.940.0.485100.080. 17.9150.65 hawthorn spp.1.89100.364.2680.974.2865.930.95271.21.89961.260. 13.2868.35 American beech0.0.0.47100.360.0.474100.360.474100.36 1.42100.36 white ash11.1336.2248.5533.76108.8829.6919.53536.4312.45544.415.76757.45 206.3127.5 black ash151.1548.650.7645.08116.3839.3641.79545.8419.42258.3810.42849.38 389.9434.54 green ash34.1181.0626.6337.8847.1640.349.53340.596.18942.61.42174.55 125.0444.77 black walnut0.0.48101.061.4457.830.0.478101.060. 2.3966.79 white mulberry1.4673.840.95100.360.9670.630.48599.750.0. 3.8558.18 red mulberry0.0.4999.760.4999.760.0.0. 0.9799.76 eastern hophornbeam19.4230.3319.1332.4742.2438.4918.97736.7713.77733.663.80343.11 117.3529.56 eastern cottonwood0.0.4999.590.9799.590.0.0. 1.4699.59 bigtooth aspen4.7458.111.961.292.3752.442.06176.160.947100.362.86671.06 14.8833.05 quaking aspen13.9838.0830.6625.2175.8622.1919.53831.8733.40534.4433.68637.1 207.1318.19 pin cherry0.0.9670.730.48101.060.0.94770.620. 2.3953.02 black cherry81.4430.4178.1115.8511416.7630.84418.6528.93523.679.03735.31 342.3714.84 chokecherry40.9538.6149.6328.9285.6726.3923.93537.428.60144.172.88152.32 211.6824.09 white oak23.3656.2946.6857.4138.550.523.83666.515.23866.821.914101.06 119.5245.98 northern pin oak11.2156.7234.6433.540.2933.7112.68341.68.58440.444.76963.77 112.1726.5 bur oak1.28103.518.6344.4915.8854.8512.94846.693.0346.710.474100.36 42.2439.24 northern red oak23.3431.1364.4122.2245.3926.665.20938.763.32962.620.474100.36 142.1519.61 black oak1.9161.295.7143.697.6151.911.90678.920.474100.360.96370.88 18.5737.5 black locust0.0.4999.740.0.0.0. 0.4999.74 peachleaf willow0.4999.590.9799.590.4999.590.48599.590.0. 2.4399.59 black willow0.0.9799.590.9799.591.45599.597.27699.590. 10.6799.59 Bebb willow0.47100.520.95100.520.47100.520.0.0. 1.89100.52 American basswood7.154.148.0642.1517.6245.830.95770.471.43574.520.478101.06 35.6531.9 American elm18.1436.1521.9134.8228.0730.145.21458.022.37844.620.474100.36 76.1926.62 Siberian elm0.0.6.31100.081.94100.080.485100.080. 8.73100.08 slippery elm0.0.0.47100.360.0.0. 0.47100.36 rock elm0.47100.360.2.37100.360.0.947100.360.947100.36 4.74100.36 234816.711226.649.181793.348.08506.70910.76372.0210.26157.70714.02 6404.418.7

9. Regeneration Indicator Core Figures (WI 2014) Percent Browse Impact Millions of Seedlings Length Class Seedling Length Number of Seedlings per Acre Species Species Distribution

10. Regeneration Indicator Core Figures (WI 2014) Percent Diameter Class (Inches)Seedling Length Composition and Structure

11. Regeneration Indicator Core Maps Browse Impact # of Seedlings/Acre

12. Regeneration Indicator Estimation and Geo-Spatial Visualizations for Small States Outer Coastal Mixed ForestEastern Broadleaf Central Appalachian Broadleaf Northeastern Mixed NJPAMDDE Percent 2012 and 2013

13. Regeneration Indicator Companion Studies: PA State Forest Land (2.3 Million Acres)

14. Regeneration Indicator Progress Update: Reporting 1) McCaskill, George L.; McWilliams, William H.; Alerich, Carol A.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Domke, Grant M.; Griffith, Doug; Kurtz, Cassandra M.; Lehman, Shawn; Lister, Tonya W.; Morin, Randall S.; Moser, W. Keith; Roth, Paul; Riemann, Rachel; Westfall, James A. 2013. Pennsylvania Forests 2009.Resour. Bull. NRS-82. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 52 p. 2) William H. McWilliams, James A. Westfall, Patrick H. Brose, Daniel C. Dey, Mark Hatfield, Katherine Johnson, Kenneth M. Laustsen, Shawn L. Lehman, Randall S. Morin, Mark D. Nelson, Todd E. Ristau, Alejandro A. Royo, Susan L. Stout, Thomas Willard, and Christopher W. Woodall. 2014. A Regeneration Indicator for Forest Inventory and Analysis: History, Sampling, Estimation, Analytics, and Potential Use in the Midwest and Northeast United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-148. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 3) McCaskill, G.L.; and others. In Press. Maine’s Forests 2013. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. 4) Gormanson, D.A.; and others. In Press. Indiana’s Forests 2013. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. 5) Lister, T.W.; and others. In Press. Delaware’s Forests 2013. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. 6) Lister, T.W.; and others. In Press. Maryland’s Forests 2013. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. 7) Miles, P.D.; and others. In Press. Minnesota’s Forests 2013. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. 8) Morin, R.S.; and others. In Press. West Virginia’s Forests 2013. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. McWilliams contributed the chapter entitled Regeneration Status with new findings and geo-spatial visualizations covering seedling status, regeneration evaluation, and herbivory impacts. 9) Nelson, M.D.; and others. In Press. Iowa’s Forests 2013. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. 10) Piva, R.J.; and others. In Press. Missouri’s Forests 2013. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. 11) Pugh, S.A.; and others. In Press. Michigan’s Forests 2014. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. 12) McWilliams, W.H.; Westfall, J.A. In Press. An Early Look at Forest Regeneration Indicator Results for the Midwest and Northeast United States. In: 2015 Forest Inventory and Analysis Science Symposium; 2015: Pushing Boundaries-New Directions in Inventory Techniques and Applications. December 8-10; Portland, OR. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-P-xxx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xxx p. 13) McWilliams, W.H.; Westfall, J.A.; Brose, P.H.; Lehman, S.L; Morin, R.S.; Ristau, T.E.; Royo, A.A.; Stout, S.L. In Press. After a quarter century: What does the Pennsylvania Regeneration Study tell us about mixed-oak forests under stress? In: Dey, D.C., ed. Proceedings of the 20th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, Columbia, MO, March 28-31, 2016. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-xxx. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. [DVD included]. (refereed) [EXHIBIT 6] 14) Albright, T.; McWilliams, W.H.; Widmann, R.H. In Press. Pennsylvania’s forest resources, 2014. Resour. Note NRS-60. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 5 p. 15) Perry, C.H.; and others. In Press. Wisconsin’s Forests 2014. Resour. Bull. NRS-xx. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. xx p. [DVD included]. 5-Year Reports: 2013 (9) 2014 (3) General Technical Report: 1 Articles : 2 Total: 15

15. Regeneration Indicator Research Update: Herbivory Map Management implications of subcontinental-scale patterns of ungulate herbivory for forests of the Midwest and Northeast US William H. McWilliams a*, James A. Westfall a, Daniel C. Dey b, Anthony Di’Amato c, Kenneth M. Laustsen d, Laura Leites e, Shawn L. Lehman f, David W. McGill g, Randall S. Morin a, Todd E. Ristau h, Andrew Stoltman i, Susan L. Stout g a Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Newtown Square, PA, USA b Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Columbia, MO, USA c University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA d Maine Forest Service, Augusta, ME, USA e The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA f Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry, Harrisburg, PA, USA g University of West Virginia, Morgantown, WV, USA h Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Irvine, PA, USA i Wisconsin Division of Forestry, Madison, WI, USA In Process – Not for Distribution

16. Regeneration Indicator Regeneration Metrics: Concept in Action Maple/Beech/Birch Oak/Hickory Core Reporting Since 2004

17. Regeneration Indicator Regeneration Metrics For Central States Part 1 ($50K) Curriculum Vitae: PhD, University of Columbia Select Publications Vickers, L.A.; Fox, T.R.; Boucugani, D.A. 2011. Predicting forest regeneration in the central Appalachians using the REGEN expert system. Journal of Sustainable Forestry. 30: 790-822. Vickers, L.A.; Fox, T.R.; Boucugani, D.A. 2013. Predicting forest regeneration of Appalachian hardwoods: adapting the REGEN model for the Appalachian Plateau. In: Guldin, J.M., ed. 2013. Proceedings of the 15 th biennial Southern Silviculture Research Conference. E-Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-GTR-175. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station: 277- 280. RWU NRS-11: Dan Dey, John Kabrick, Steve Shifley RWU NRS-5: Will McWilliams, Jim Westfall University of Missouri: Lance Vickers, Ben Knapp Central (in progress) Plains (in progress) Mid-Atlantic (complete)

18. Regeneration Indicator Regeneration Metrics For NRS ($50K Part 2) Vickers, L.A., McWilliams, W.H., Knapp, B.O., [NRS FIA Team], Shifley, S.R., Dey, D.C., Kabrick, J.M., Larsen, D.R. Manuscript in preparation. Evaluating reproduction adequacy in the Central States: how does the choice of metric influence data interpretation? Vickers, L.A., McWilliams, W.H., Knapp, B.O., [NRS FIA Team], Shifley, S.R., Dey, D.C., Kabrick, J.M., Larsen, D.R. 2016. Evaluating reproduction adequacy in the Central States using the NRS- FIA regeneration indicator. Poster presentation, 20th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, March 28-April 1, Columbia, MO. Lake (proposed) Central (in progress) New England (proposed) Plains (in progress) Mid-Atlantic (complete) ProgressProposal

19. Vegetation Indicator What is it? Where is It? Why Should You Care? Is There a Plan? Vegetation Indicator: Three Legged Chair: 1)Vegetation Profile 2)Invasive Plant Survey 3)Regeneration Indicator Table 43. – Mean percent vegetation cover by layer and life form, all species (native and introduce), [state], [year]. Forest Type Group Community Type Layer 1 (0-2 ft)Layer 2 (2-6 ft)Layer 3 (6-16 ft) Layer 4 (16+ ft) Tree Shrub Herb Fern Grass Total Tree Shrub Herb Fern Grass Total Tree Shrub Total Tree Shrub Total White / red / jack pine xx.x Spruce / fir xx.x Longleaf / slash pine xx.x Loblolly / shortleaf pine xx.x Pinyon / juniper xx.x Douglas-fir xx.x Ponderosa pine xx.x Western white pine xx.x Fir / spruce / mountain hemlock xx.x Lodgepole pine xx.x Hemlock / sitka spruce xx.x Western larch xx.x Redwood xx.x Other western softwoods xx.x California mixed conifer xx.x Exotic softwoods xx.x Oak / pine xx.x Oak / hickory xx.x Oak / gum / cypress xx.x Elm / ash / cottonwood xx.x Maple / beech / birch xx.x Aspen / birch xx.x Alder / maple xx.x Western oak xx.x Tanoak / laurel xx.x Other western hardwoods xx.x Tropical hardwoods xx.x Exotic hardwoods xx.x Non-stocked xx.x All forest type groups xx.x

20. Vegetation Indicator What is it? Where is It? Why Should You Care? Is There a Plan? Vegetation Indicator: Three Legged Chair: 1)Vegetation Profile 2)Invasive Plant Survey 3)Regeneration Indicator Vegetation

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