1. Crusades

2. Many nobles traveled to the place where the saints were buried and then worshipped there. These trips were called pilgrimages. Muslims living in the Holy Land allowed Christians to make pilgrimages for hundreds of years with no problem. However, Seljuk Turks took over the Holy Land & started killing Christian pilgrims. Pope Urban II called a meeting. – He asked Christians to take back the Holy Land from the Muslims. – This started the holy wars, known as the Crusades.

3. Eight Crusades and a Children’s Crusade were fought. – Lasted 200 years 1 st - The first one was started by Pope Urban II. He urged everyone to get involved. The cross on their tunics meant “to take the cross”. This was the only one considered a victory. 2 nd – Leaders did not work together and it failed quickly. 3 rd – King Richard worked out a treaty but problems still existed. 4 th – Called by Pope Innocent III and the crusaders behavior was embarrassing to the Pope. Children’s Crusade – They believed their innocence could accomplish more. Many children died or was sold to slavery. 5 th – This battle was fought to conquer Egypt. There was another loss and more deaths. 6 th – No battles fought. Emperor Fredrick II got Jerusalem. 7 th – Led by King Louis IX. He was captured and had to pay ransom. 8 th – Led again by King Louis IX. He died and they returned home.

4. Benefits of the Crusades: 1.They united Western Europe. 2.They were religious motives with a noble cause. 3.They stopped the Moslem expansion. 4.They increased power of the kings. 5.They hastened the rise of cities. 6.They improved relationships between lords and peasants. 7.They became more familiar with geography. 8.New learning – products, methods of farming, and forgotten literature 9.They learned more about the Moslems. 10.They learned the wars were not the answer.