1. Chapter 3 – Atomic Structure

2. Elements

3. Ionic Bonding Positively charged sodium is attracted to negatively charged chlorine to form sodium chloride (table salt).

4. Covalent Bonding The electrons of the hydrogen atoms are “shared” with the oxygen atom to form water (H 2 O). In addition to having covalent bonding, water is also a polar molecule.

5. Types of Bonding

6. Acids and Bases Solutions with low pH values are acidic, while higher pH values are more basic.

7. States of Matter

8. Summary It is important to understand basic chemistry of how atoms combine. The exhibition of these properties will be tested to identify minerals and rocks in the following chapters.