1.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Introduction to Classes and Objects

2.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Classes, Objects, Methods and Instance Variables Class provides one or more methods - Method represents task in a program Classes contain one or more attributes – Specified by instance variables – Carried with the object as it is used

3.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class Each class declaration that begins with keyword public must be stored in a file that has the same name as the class and ends with the.java file- name extension.

4.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Common Programming Error Declaring more than one public class in the same file is a compilation error.

5.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

6. 6 Class GradeBookTest Java is extensible – Programmers can create new classes Class instance creation expression – Keyword new – Then name of class to create and parentheses Calling a method – Object name, then dot separator (. ) – Then method name and parentheses

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8. 8 Declaring a Method with a Parameter Scanner methods – nextLine reads next line of input – next reads next word of input

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10. 10 // GradeBookTest.java import java.util.Scanner; public class GradeBookTest { public static void main( String args[] ) { Scanner input = new Scanner( System.in ); GradeBook myGradeBook = new GradeBook(); System.out.println( "Please enter the course name:" ); String nameOfCourse = input.nextLine(); // read a line of text System.out.println(); myGradeBook.displayMessage( nameOfCourse ); }

11.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods Variables declared in the body of method – Called local variables – Can only be used within that method Variables declared in a class declaration – Called fields or instance variables – Each object of the class has a separate instance of the variable

12.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 public class GradeBook { private String courseName; public void setCourseName( String name ) { courseName = name; } public String getCourseName() { return courseName; } public void displayMessage() { System.out.println( "Welcome to the grade book for\n“ + getCourseName() ); }

13.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Access Modifiers public and private private keyword – Used for most instance variables – private variables and methods are accessible only to methods of the class in which they are declared – Declaring instance variables private is known as data hiding – When a program creates (instantiates )an object of class GradeBook variable courseName is encapsulated (hidden) in the object and can be accessed only by methods of the objects class

14.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 GradeBookTest Class That Demonstrates Class GradeBook Default initial value – Provided for all fields not initialized – Equal to null for String s

15.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 set and get methods private instance variables – Cannot be accessed directly by clients of the object – Use set methods to alter the value – Use get methods to retrieve the value

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18.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Initializing Objects with Constructors Constructors – Initialize an object of a class – Java requires a constructor for every class – Java will provide a default no-argument constructor if none is provided – Called when keyword new is followed by the class name and parentheses – When you declare a class you can provide your own constructor to specify custom initialization for objects of your class

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21.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Call constructor to create first grade book object Create second grade book object

22.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Displaying Text in a Dialog Box Windows and dialog boxes – Many Java applications use these to display output – JOptionPane provides prepackaged dialog boxes called message dialogs

23.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Outline Dialog1.java

24.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Displaying Text in a Dialog Box Package javax.swing – Contains classes to help create graphical user interfaces (GUIs) – Contains class JOptionPane Declares static method showMessageDialog for displaying a message dialog

25.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 Entering Text in a Dialog Box Input dialog – Allows user to input information – Created using method showInputDialog from class JOptionPane

26.  2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 26