2. Water Quality or Carrying Capacity Loading (legacy N + new N – environmental denitrification) Residence Time Carrying Capacity

3. Carrying Capacity – the maximum number of individuals that an area of land or water can support without detrimental effects.

4. Annual Mass Loadings: Bay Park STP

5. Annual daily averaged discharge at Bay Park and Cedar Creek WPCP 1952-2010.

9. Residence Times for Groundwater  relatively short Coastal Waters  generally long

10. Residence Time for Selected Water Bodies West Bay10 days Forge River (Summer)Week to month Smithtown Bay2-3 days Great South Bay (after Sandy) Weeks to months

11. Residence times of particles in West and Middle Bays. Color bar is time in hours.

12. Comparison between Ulva growth and surface nitrate concentrations.

15. Cross Section of DO Concentrations Along Wills Creek and Across Forge River

16. Source: CT DEP

17. Summertime Residual Currents in Central Long Island Sound Level 6 10 cm/s

18. Develop and Embrace New Technologies and Systems

19. New sewage treatment capacity and technology can significantly reduce impacts of nitrogen pollution - not eliminate it

20. Controlling Mass Loadings (not just concentrations) and Planning for Residence Times are Essential

21. Long Island’s carrying capacity dictates that there are “limits to growth”