1. SMK – PAC 151 FY2004 Research Plan S. M. Kaye for the NSTX Research Team PPPL, Princeton Univ. NSTX PAC-15 Meeting Princeton, N.J. 12-14 January 2004

2. SMK – PAC 152 Outline 2004 Goals and Capabilities Topical area research program is organized by ETs and is driven by research milestones –HHFW/EBW Heating and Current Drive (Taylor, Ryan) –Non-Solenoidal Startup (M. Bell, Raman) –MHD (Sabbagh, Gates) –Transport and Turbulence (Maingi, Stutman) –Boundary Physics (Kugel, Kaita) –Integrated Scenario Development (Menard, Wilson) Research plan schedule

3. SMK – PAC 153 Program Planning Steps NSTX Research Forum (9/02) PAC-13 (9-10/02) PAC-14 (1/03) Curtailed FY03 run (1-2/03) Five Year Plan (6/03) NSTX Research Forum (11/03) PAC-15 (1/04) Plan – 18 run weeks in FY04 

4. SMK – PAC 154 Run Plan Addresses Milestones By Exploring Fundamental ST Physics Highest level milestone (FY04-1) –Assess confinement and stability in NSTX by characterizing high confinement regimes with edge barriers and by obtaining initial results on the avoidance or suppression of plasma pressure limiting modes in high-pressure plasmas (T&T, MHD, ISD)

5. SMK – PAC 155 Many Topical Areas Have Specific Milestones T&T (FY04-2) –Measure long-wavelength turbulence in ST plasmas in a range of plasma conditions HHFW/EBW, T&T (FY04-3) –Measure plasma current profile modifications produced by RF, NBI and  p techniques Solenoid-free startup (FY04-4) –Conduct initial tests combining available techniques to achieve solenoid-free initiation to substantial currents HHFW/EBW (FY04-5) –Measure EBW emissions to assess heating and current drive requirements

6. SMK – PAC 156 Run time allocations for FY04 Represent a Balanced Scientific Approach # Run Days% HHFW/EBW12 days13% Solenoid-free startup11 days12% Transport & Turbulence11 days12% MHD11 days12% ISD11 days 12% Boundary physics8 days9% Enabling/cross-cutting12 days13% Scientific Contingency14 days16% Total90 days

7. SMK – PAC 157 Heating and Current Drive (HHFW/EBW) Two FY04 milestones –Measure plasma current profile modifications produced by RF, … –Measure EBW emissions to assess coupling requirements for heating and current drive New capabilities in 2004 –Feedback control of antenna loading to be implemented mid- FY04 –MSE (3  10 channels) –HHFW antenna modified to increase voltage/power limit (FY03) –CURRAY integrated into TRANSP –Increased use of CURRAY, CQL3D, AORSA1D for discharge scenario development (also in ISD)

8. SMK – PAC 158 HHFW FY04 Research Plan HHFW coupling, power deposition and heating –Establish good coupling for electron heating DND –Explore parametric decay mechanism Possible source of edge ion heating –RF modulation/USXR for P RF (r) HHFW Current Drive –Dependence on power, density, temperature and phasing –Measure j with MSE HHFW-only H-mode –SN, DN target development HHFW + NBI: important for Five Year objectives –High-  t or high-Te (RS) NBI target Hot Component Cold Component

9. SMK – PAC 159 EBW FY04 Research Plan FY2004 research focused on establishing basis for high power heating and current drive system Demonstrate  80% B-X and/or B-X-O conversion –Use limiters to reduce L n and increase conversion efficiency –Reflectometry to measure L n –Local gas feed to ensure adequate density –Modulate HHFW to suppress edge density fluctuations

10. SMK – PAC 1510 Solenoid-Free Startup Milestone FY04-4 –Conduct initial tests combining available techniques to achieve solenoid-free initiation to substantial currents New capabilities in 2004 –Co-axial helicity injection Capacitor bank for transient CHI (mid-FY04) New ceramic insulator (FY03) EFIT with open field line current 3D modeling of resistive linear and non-linear stability –PF-only startup PF4 power supplies for “outer PF” startup (mid-FY04) HHFW to assist plasma formation DINA calculations (resistive MHD and transport) for scenario and control system development

11. SMK – PAC 1511 CHI FY04 Research Plan Employ transient CHI scenario –Continue FY03 exp’ts but with cap bank for rapid rate of rise of injector current –Build on development made in HIT-II –PF3L to “pinch off” plasma for closed flux Add CHI to inductive discharge –Gained experience and understanding in HIT-II experiments Determine need for absorber field nulling coils –Extended CHI pulse –Assess new absorber

12. SMK – PAC 1512 PF-Only Startup FY04 Research Plan Outer PF startup – additional discharge scenario development required (TSC, DINA) –Bipolar B V swing (no field null) HHFW/ECH plasma source –Outboard null No PF4:  100 kA PF4: 100’s kA –HHFW assist Initiate plasma on outboard side Drive 50-100 kA with PF ramping Use HHFW to heat and drive current further HHFW rampup –Clamp OH current after Ip=50-100 kA –Apply HHFW to heat and drive current 20 kA - 20 kA 2.8 kA

13. SMK – PAC 1513 MHD Stability MHD stability a critical part of highest level milestone –….obtaining initial results on the avoidance or suppression of plasma pressure limiting modes in high-pressure plasmas… Related research topics –Influence of shape and rotation on equilibrium and stability –Effect of error fields –RWM, ELM, NTM physics –Fast ion MHD New capabilities in 2004 –6 External EF/RWM control coils (developing) –Fast power supplies for EF/RWM control (summer 2004) –MSE (up to 10 channels) –USXR, FIRETIP upgrades –Control system upgrade for higher elongation –Divertor Mirnov arrays, internal RWM sensors (FY03) –EFIT with rotation, expanded data input; FLOW –MARS

14. SMK – PAC 1514 Shape and Rotation Influence Strongly Plasma Stability  N up to 6 achieved at high elongation FY04 Research Plan - High-  N –High-  T @ high I N (high  ):  2.4 with improved control system –High-  p through I p ramp down: test effect of rotation, R/a on pressure surface shift –Effect of boundary shape on high- n stability (need PF4)

15. SMK – PAC 1515 Shape & Rotation – FY04 Research Plan (cont’d) Mode saturation due to shear flow possible (internal and external) Error fields –Effect of EF correction on plasma rotation, low-n stability * RWM physics –Mode structure (internal coils) –RWM dissipation, rotation damping physics –Fast feedback for active control NSTX/DIII-D similarity experiments (ITPA priority) –RWM characteristics, dissipation, etc. –EF amplification

16. SMK – PAC 1516 Additional MHD Studies Fast ion MHD –Parametric dependence of fast ion losses on I p, B T, q 0 TAE, CAE, GAE –Suppression of frequency “chirping” in fishbone instabilities Non-linear mechanism Similarity exp’t with DIII-D (chirping observed on NSTX but not on DIII-D) Neoclassical Tearing Mode Onset –  -scan ELM stability vs shaping (piggyback)

17. SMK – PAC 1517 Transport and Turbulence FY04-1 –Assess confinement and stability in NSTX by characterizing high confinement regimes with edge barriers and ……. FY04-2 –Measure long-wavelength turbulence in ST plasmas in a range of plasma conditions FY04-3 –Measure plasma current profile modifications produced by …  p techniques Related research topics –Establish  E and transport scalings –Study electron transport physics –Determine influence of E r (  ExB ) and  T on turbulence, transport, L-H transitions and pedestals

18. SMK – PAC 1518 Transport and Turbulence New capabilities in 2004 –MSE –51 channel CHERS (FY03) –Scanning NPA (FY03) –Edge Rotation Diagnostic (FY03) - E r –Prototype neutron collimators –Upgraded correlation reflectometry – long  turbulence –Fixed frequency reflectometers (4) – long  turbulence –mm-wave interferometer: line-integrated long turbulence –Upgraded Gas Puff Imaging (GPI), reciprocating probe

19. SMK – PAC 1519 Parametric Scaling Trends Have Been Studied L-mode scaling presented to PAC13 (10/02) and PAC14 (1/03) Non-linear H-mode power dependence –I p, B T, etc parameter ranges too limited to perform meaningful scaling  E NSTX-L ~ I p 0.76 B T 0.27 P L -0.76

20. SMK – PAC 1520  E and Transport Scalings – FY04 Research Plan Systematic H-mode and ITB studies in quasi-steady discharges –DND to connect to international database –NSTX/MAST identity exp’ts ITPA high priority NSTX/DIII-D similarity –R/a effects at fixed  pol,  * pol Dimensionless scalings within NSTX –OH/NBI R/a –Initial *,  T (ITPA high priority)  -scalings will also be developed from the results of these XPs 2x 1x 0.5x

21. SMK – PAC 1521 Scenarios for these studies require development of reproducible H-modes: L-H threshold studies –DN, LSN –Role of shape, fueling type, fueling location NSTX/MAST identity (ITPA priority) ELM characteristics –Pedestal characterization NSTX/MAST/DIII-D similarity (ITPA priority)  E and Transport Scalings – FY04 Research Plan (cont’d)

22. SMK – PAC 1522 Electrons Dominate Transport Loss  Large uncertainties in  ’s in center and near edge due to data/equilibrium uncertainties  51 point CHERS should help resolve some uncertainties - Better defined gradients

23. SMK – PAC 1523 New diagnostics allow us to investigate the relationship between magnetic shear reversal and improved electron confinement –Electron ITB w/NBI, HHFW Relation to critical gradient physics –  ’ scan Comparison of NBI vs HHFW transport –Vary fractions of simultaneous NBI, HHFW power Need to develop successful synergistic scenario –Momentum transport studies Local Transport – FY04 Research Plan (cont’d) GS2 Calculations

24. SMK – PAC 1524 New and upgraded diagnostics allow for measurement of fluctuations closer to the plasma core –Initially, study L-mode plasmas (low n e NBI & RF) Combined edge turbulence study –GPI: higher spatial/temporal extent, resolution –Recip. probe: multiple tips to resolve T e, n e and E r, E pol, B, T e, fluctuations –w/Boundary ET Core and Edge Turbulence – FY04 Research Plan FIRETIPReflectometry Accessibility

25. SMK – PAC 1525 Boundary Physics Enabling technology –Develop and evaluate particle control techniques –Assess fueling and particle pumping needs –Evaluate power handling needs and solutions Science –Characterize edge power and particle transport regimes –Measure edge turbulence (with T&T) New capabilities in 2004 –Low-Z pellet injector (Li/B/C) –Supersonic gas injector –Improved boronization schemes –Upgraded reciprocating probe –Edge rotation diagnostic (FY03)

26. SMK – PAC 1526 Fueling and Particle Control – FY04 Research Plan Supersonic gas injection to enhance fueling efficiency Low-Z pellet injector (Li/B/C) –10-400 m/sec (controllable), 1 to 8 pellets/discharge –Particle control using Li wall coatings –Characterize low-Z pellet ablation, impurity transport Improved boronization techniques –Daily boronization –Boronization during high temperature bakeout More uniform deposition Density control a key issue for long pulse discharges

27. SMK – PAC 1527 Power and Particle Control – FY04 Research Plan Establish heat flux scaling and power accountability –Parametric scaling (I p, n e, P heat ) –H vs non-H, SN/DN configurations –Detailed edge characterization of edge for SOL transport studies –NSTX/MAST comparative studies Test methods for reducing heat flux –X-point sweeping –Detached divertor Investigate impurity transport –Sources/sinks of C under various conditions –Connect to edge convective transport theory

28. SMK – PAC 1528 Integrated Scenario Development Highest level milestone requires integration of techniques to produce high performance plasmas –Simultaneous high-  t,  E for long duration (  FT >>  E ) –NBI/HHFW compatibility New capabilities in 2004 –Control system upgrades Decreased latency –HHFW loading, outer gap control –GA rtEFIT shape control (continuing) –Improved wall conditioning –Improved gas injection/density control Time (msec) Data Bits Original System (~ 3 msec) New System (< 1 msec)

29. SMK – PAC 1529 ISD 2004 Research Plan Control system development –Shape, vertical control (validate GA MIMO feedback algorithm, TSC models) Shape optimization predicted to improve performance –High-  in DN, LSN (  =2 to 2.4) Increased stability limits, higher  pulse,  E Long pulse operation can also be aided by –Early HHFW heating to raise T e Reduce OH flux consumption –Triggering H-mode during I p ramp Broader p(r)  Higher  pol  higher I  p Possible shear reversal –HHFW-only H-mode Increased I bs (f BS ~ 0.40 previously)

30. SMK – PAC 1530 ISD 2004 Research Plan (cont’d) HHFW/NBI compatibility desirable for attaining ultimate target objectives –Couple HHFW into high-  T NBI target plasma –Couple HHFW into low-n e, high-T e (RS) NBI target plasma –Couple NBI into HHFW-driven H-mode Application of density control techniques for long- pulse operation

31. SMK – PAC 1531 FY04 Research Aimed Towards Early Development of High-Performance Plasmas Early Run Mid-Run Late Run H&CD Startup MHD T&T Bdy ISD HHFW conditioning - Decay B-X-O, B-X EBW HHFWCD w/j(r) measurements HHFW Power Deposition HHFW + NBI Thermal Ion Htg, CD, HHFW Htg Efficiency/Ponderomotive Effects H-mode CHI into inductive Transient CHI Absorber null assessment HHFW startup Solenoid-free startup with PF4 High-  t at high  NSTX/DIII-D RWM similarity Stability studies with j(r) meas. High-  pol aspect ratio effects RWM dissipation, rotation damping Effect of boundary on high-n RWM passive stabilization Neoclassical Tearing Modes Suppression of fishbone chirping Collective fast ion loss Active EF/RWM control NSTX/MAST L-H Core, edge turbulence NSTX/DIII-D similarity Fast ion profile P NBI vs P HHFW transport Dimensionless scaling in H-mode NSTX/MAST H-mode scaling Electron ITBs (RS) NSTX/MAST/DIII-D pedestal Intra-machine R/a scaling Momentum transport SS Gas Injector Boronization schemes Density control Edge turbulence Detached divertor Boundary characterization Li particle control, Low-z pellets Control system development Long-pulse HHFW H-mode USN w/ Reversed B T High-  LSN, DN Fueling during long-pulse H-modes HHFW/NBI compatibility H-mode during I p ramp

32. SMK – PAC 1532 Similar to the the PPPL display wall room A productive collaboration among PU/PPPL/NSTX A Collaborative Control Room Will Aid Run Productivity

33. SMK – PAC 1533 NSTX Has Developed a Run Plan to Address a Broad Spectrum of Scientific Issues Experiments support the near-term milestones of the Five Year research plan Experimental proposals will take advantage of significant new facility and diagnostic capability to probe the underlying physics Information will add to the ITPA effort and contribute to our understanding of toroidal physics 18 run weeks will allow us to address most of our goals

34. SMK – PAC 1534

35. SMK – PAC 1535  i   i, neo near core