1. Sound Engineering: The Interplay Between Industry, Technology, & Culture By Warren Ersly

2. What is Sound Engineering? Sound Engineering encompasses many fields, but always involves one of the following: Sound System Electronics Acoustics Psychoacoustics Music Live Sound Studio Recording

3. Audio Engineering takes place both Live, and in the Studio  Live Configuring the Acoustics of a Room Designing Sound Systems Mixing & Controlling Live Sound Even some live performers apply the ideas of Audio Engineering – DJ’s for instance. Studio Post Production (Television & Film) Studio Recording Mixing Mastering Radio Game Design

4. The Evolution of Audio Engineering - Technology  Phonoautograph – 1857, Leon Scott Horn directs sound waves to a flexible diaphragm that captures and transfers sound to stylus and lever assembly that scratches the sound waves into a carbon or glass cylinder  Phonograph – 1877, Thomas Edison  Condenser Microphone - 1917  Vinyl & Electronic Amplifiers – 1920’s  Magnetic Film Strip/Early Tapes – 1933  Digital Recording & Compact Discs – Experimented with during the 60’s & 70’s, reached commercial markets by the 80’s; used in most homes by 90’s.  Purely Digital Media – 2001 (Napster & iTunes)

5. The Evolution of Audio Engineering - Culture & Industry  The original phonoautographs & phonographs were marketed as court reporting, stenography, or dictation machines.  1899 – Phonograph industry dying, until coin-operated version is installed in penny arcades; recording industry resurges as music based industry.  1960’s – Tape & Film technology provides impetus for editing, splicing, and layering of sound. Results in: Higher quality recordings More competitive/creative industry Higher importance in the role of the record producer More careers in the study of acoustics, systems design, and studio recording mechanics. □ 2001 – Complete digitization of recorded media allows for increased exposure for artists; controversial due to legalities.

6. Applied Sounds: Audio Engineering Today  Studio Hand  Producer  Applied Audio Technician  Mixing/Mastering Professional  Live Sound Technician  Systems Designer

7. Conclusions?  Technology develops independently of it's creators intents.  Culture influences how we use and identify with certain technology.  Technological ingenuity can make or break entire industries.

8. Sources Cited An Audio Timeline. (n.d.). Audio Engineering Society (AES). Retrieved September 8, 2011, from http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/audio.history.timeline.html Audio engineering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved September 6, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_engineering The History of Sound Recording Technology. (n.d.). The History of Sound Recording Technology. Retrieved September 7, 2011, from http://recording- history.org/http://recording- history.org/ The Recording Connection | Audio Engineering and Music Producing School. (n.d.). The Recording Connection | Audio Engineering and Music Producing School. Retrieved September 8, 2011, from http://www.recordingconnection

9. Photo Cites  http://recording-history.org/ (phonoautograph, tape studio, slide 1) http://recording-history.org/  http://therecordingrevolution.com/tag/daw/ (mixing board, slide 1) http://therecordingrevolution.com/tag/daw/  http://en.metalship.org/bands/Slayer (SLAYER, slide 2) http://en.metalship.org/bands/Slayer  http://pnutbutterjams.com/tag/laidback-luke/page/2/ (Laid Back Luke, Slide 3) http://pnutbutterjams.com/tag/laidback-luke/page/2/  http://www.victoryrecords.com/betweentheburiedandme (Between the Buried & Me, Slide 3) http://www.victoryrecords.com/betweentheburiedandme  http://photo-dict.faqs.org/phrase/5853/tape-recorder.html (Magnetic Film Strip, Slide 4) http://photo-dict.faqs.org/phrase/5853/tape-recorder.html  http://printmatic.net/index.php/poll-do-you-still-have-a-cassette-tape-player.html (Cassette Tape, Slide 4) http://printmatic.net/index.php/poll-do-you-still-have-a-cassette-tape-player.html  http://www.thelostplanet.net/vinyl/ (Dark Side of the Moon on Vinyl, Slide 4) http://www.thelostplanet.net/vinyl/  http://www.freefoto.com/preview/04-12-16/Compact-Disc (Compact Disc, Slide 4) http://www.freefoto.com/preview/04-12-16/Compact-Disc  http://www.techcritiques.com/The_TechCritiques/Tech_Critiques_Podcasts/Entries/200 8/5/23_Napster_vs_iTunes.html (Napster v. iTunes, Slide 4) http://www.techcritiques.com/The_TechCritiques/Tech_Critiques_Podcasts/Entries/200 8/5/23_Napster_vs_iTunes.html  http://www.tapecenter.com/alsplicbloca.html (Tape Splicing, Slide 5) http://www.tapecenter.com/alsplicbloca.html  http://www.studioray.net/ (Recording Studio, Slide 5) http://www.studioray.net/