1. Qing Dynasty 1644-1911

2. Territory it Controlled Taiwan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, Tibet, Korea, Southeast Asia Qing empire larger than either the Han or the Tang

3. Decline of Ming/Rise of the Qing Internal power struggles Groups worked to gain sole power Children placed on the throne Ming accepted Manchu aid

4. Characteristics of the Qing Dynasty Last of dynasties Manchus, founders Manchu and Chinese customs infused together Qing recruited scholars into government European thinkers admired Qing rulers

5. Key People Kangxi –Worked hard to better his country –Ruled 60 years, reduced government expenses and lowered taxes technology Yongzheng –Strengthened powers of the monarchy –Set up Grand Council

6. Key People cont’d Qian-long –China reached its greatest size and prosperity –Firmly established domestic order –Sponsored enormous literary enterprise

7. Foreign Relations Isolationists/ Superiority Tributary ties to neighboring countries maintained Only allowed one port to be open- Guangzhou Great Britain wanted to increase trade

8. Society Population grew rapidly Social Hierarchy Women subordinate to men 45% of male population were literate Forbidden City

11. Economy Policies stimulated agriculture and favored small farmers Encouraged reclamation of land Many in poverty Foreign demand for Chinese goods grew Growth of commerce, banking system developed Cities and towns became lively and busy

12. Government Based on the Ming New central organ- Grand Council Chief bureaus- Chinese and Manchu heads Government unprepared Local leaders assumed more authority

13. Additional Information Western art began to influence Chinese artists Fiction writing flourished

14. Decline of the Qing/ Rise of the Republic Bad harvests Warfare Rebellions Overpopulation Economic disasters Foreign imperialism