1. 1© 2005 Sherri Heathcock 8-3 A New Nation 1789-1800 The First Political Parties

2. 2© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Political Parties Emerge Hamilton and Jefferson often took opposite sides. They disagreed on economic policy, foreign relations, the power of the federal government, and on interpretations of the Constitution.

3. 3© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Washington tried to get them to work out their differences. Nevertheless, by 1793 Jefferson was so unhappy that he resigned as secretary of state. Two years later Hamilton also resigned. The rival groups moved further apart. ANTI-FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS

4. 4© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Federalists wanted a strong federal government, admired Britain because of its stability, supported big business owners, and wanted loose interpretation of the Constitution.

5. 5© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Their strongest support came from the Northeast and from wealthy plantation owners in the South.

6. 6© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Federalists H

7. 7© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Anti-federalists began calling themselves Democratic-Republicans, just Republicans. They wanted to limit the federal government's power and strict interpretation of the Constitution. They supported France, small farmers and factory workers.

8. 8© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Anti-Federalists Democratic Republicans (Republicans)

9. 9© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Election of 1796 Candidates ran as members of a party in the presidential election of 1796. However, they did not win as a “team.” The candidate with the most votes became president and the second runner-up was vice-president.

10. 10© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Federalists nominated John Adams for president and Charles Pinckney for vice president. The Republicans chose Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Adams and Jefferson, who had been good friends, became bitter rivals.

11. 11© 2005 Sherri Heathcock In the end, Adams won the presidency with 71 electoral votes and Jefferson, with 68 votes, became the vice- president. They had a Federalist president and an Anti-Federalist vice-president.

12. 12© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The XYZ Affair The Jay Treaty made the French think the U.S. was trying to help Britain win the war. To punish us the French began capturing American ships that traded with Britain.

13. 13© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Adams tried to avoid war by sending representatives to talk to France’s foreign minister Talleyrand refused to see them. Instead, he sent out three agents who demanded a tribute, or bribe, from America.

14. 14© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Adams was furious. After he referred to the French agents as “X, Y, and Z” the incident became known as the XYZ Affair. Congress did not formally declare war, but U.S. and French warships had several clashes.

15. 15© 2005 Sherri Heathcock XYZ Affair

16. 16© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Because the Republican Party had once supported France and did not publicly condemn France’s behavior, many Republicans were voted out of office in the election of 1798. The result was a Federalist Congress.

17. 17© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Alien and Sedition Acts The threat of war with France made Americans more suspicious of immigrants. In 1798 Congress passed a group of laws called the Alien and Sedition Acts.

18. 18© 2005 Sherri Heathcock These laws allowed anyone who spoke against the government or its officials to be jailed or deported. Some Americans thought their fears of a strong central government abusing its power were coming true. Madison and Jefferson wrote protests that were passed by the Virginia and Kentucky legislatures.

19. 19© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Alien & Sedition Acts

20. 20© 2005 Sherri Heathcock The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions said the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and, according to the 10 th Amendment, the states had the right to overturn, or nullify, federal laws that were unconstitutional. Nat’l Gov’t State Gov’t

21. 21© 2005 Sherri Heathcock As the election of 1800 approached, Adams got France to sign a treaty and stop attacks on American ships. Although the agreement with France was in the best interest of the United States, it hurt Adams's chance for re-election.

22. 22© 2005 Sherri Heathcock Rather than applauding the agreement, Hamilton and his followers opposed their own president and split the Federalist Party. With the Federalist vote split, Republican Thomas Jefferson won the presidency.