1. John Adams’ Presidency

2. Washington’s Farewell Address Warned against two things: A nation split between political parties (“political factions”) Cautioned the U.S. to remain neutral in issues of foreign conflicts (“foreign entanglements”) Never spoken– only published in newspaper.

3. John Adams Becomes President In the election of 1796, who would replace the beloved George Washington was a heated question. The Federalists nominated his vice-president, John Adams. The Democratic-Republicans went with their leader, Thomas Jefferson. In a close electoral vote, Adams narrowly defeated Jefferson by a vote of 71-68. Due to the votes, though, Jefferson became Adams’ vice-president.

4. XYZ Affair and its Aftermath When the French heard about the Jay Treaty, they felt betrayed. In order to appease tensions between France and the U.S., Adams sent officials to France to negotiate. The French officials (known as X, Y, and Z) attempted to humiliate the U.S. and demanded $250,000 in bribes. It became known as the XYZ Affair, and an large sum of money just for a conference– no guarantee of peace. The public was divided, and the D-Rs were speaking out against the government for their handling of the incident. In 1798, Adams reluctantly signed the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Alien Act targeted immigrants who spoke ill of the government. (Who were usually D-Rs) The Sedition Act targeted newspaper editors who published negative remarks re: Adams administration.

5. VA and KY resolutions The two D-R leaders, Jefferson and Madison, wrote resolutions on behalf of their home states (VA and KY) that declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional. (Virginia and Kentucky resolutions) They asserted that states had the right to nullify, or void, federal law. Seemingly, this gave the states more power to enact/disallow laws than the federal government. First major demonstration of states’ rights.

6. Election of 1800 Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr (both D-Rs) tied in electoral votes. The vote went to the House of Representatives. After many re-votes, Jefferson was able to claim victory. Hamilton had lobbied for Jefferson because he considered him the more ‘honorable’ man over Aaron Burr. In 1804, the 12 th amendment was passed which stated that voting for president and vice-president would be separate. Aaron Burr would kill Alexander Hamilton in a duel that same year.

7. A Two-Party System Emerges FederalistsDemocratic-Republicans 1) Key Leaders: 2) Type of Gov: 3) Economy: 4) Country favored 5) Interpretation of Constitution: - Alexander Hamilton - John Adams -Strong, central government -Based on industry and trade -Great Britain -Loose interpretation= broad interpretation of the Constitution. - Thomas Jefferson - James Madison -States’ rights -Based on farming -France -Strict interpretation= Constitution should be read as is, no interpretation.

8. Recap Today’s Topics! 1)How did the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions demonstrate the belief in states’ rights? a)It asserted the states’ power to nullify federal laws. b)It allowed states to enact their own penalties for violating state laws. c)States could no longer have their own constitutions. d)States were able to rule on federal court cases. 2)How did the XYZ Affair impact public opinion? a)Distrust in the British grew. b)Distrust in the French grew. c)The U.S. began to decrease economic support for the British. d)The U.S. began to increase economic support for the French.