1. Ch. 19: From Crisis and Empire

2. Republican Party: Stalwarts vs. Half breeds Stalwarts: Roscoe Conkling Spoils System Political Machines Half Breeds: James Blaine Civil Service Reform Merit System

3. Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (1883) 1.position based on merit via exams 2.Get rid of the spoils system 3. Taxation of employees for campaigns no longer allowed

4. Sherman-Antitrust Act a.An act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies. b.Supposed to check monopolies and stop big businesses from forming; didn’t work. c.Used against union instead d.Big business actually increases!

5. …for Tariffs!

6. Machinery of Politics 1.Congress running the country 2.Main issue separating political parties… 3.Tariffs! 4.Who in the US would be in favor/oppose of tariffs? a.Rep/north/industrialists b.Dem/south/farmers

7. Growth of Government 1.Regulation of RR by gov’t increasing 2.Local & nat’l level interdependent 3.Taxation increasing 4.Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) –5 member board 5.What’s wrong with the ICC? 6.Initially ineffective

8. Farmers and Workers Organize Populist Movement (1890s) Farmers come together to challenge RR and the two-party system

9. aka The People's Party

10. Populist Movement Grangers Colored Farmers Alliance Farmers Alliance

11. Populists’ Goals 1.Gov’t control major industries; RR, banks, communications 2.Graduated income tax 3.Eradicate monopolies 4.Restrict immigrant/no land 5.Lower tariffs 6.Crop warehouses; grains used as collateral for loans James Weaver

12. The Grange (1867) (farmers political association) 1.Corporations such as RR and banks to blame for their hard times 2.Foreign competition = decrease prices of US crops 3.Banned together to dev. own grain elevators, stores, equip to control prices = Cooperatives

13. Farmers’ Alliance & Populist 1.Wanted “Free coinage of silver” to help pay off their debt Negative consequence of all this silver in circulation?

14. Panic of 1893- Think “GD” 1.RR bankrupt = trickle effect 2.Failing banks 3.Poor agriculture = poor diets 4.Unemployment, homelessness and crime increasing = vagrancy laws

15. Coxey’s Army 1.Unemployed march to Washington, D.C. 2.Wanted federal gov’t to create jobs via public works projects

16. Election of 1896 McKinley (Rep) WJ Bryan (Dem) “Cross of Gold”

17. Election 1896 (271/176)

18. Imperialism of Righteousness or Whiteousness? All in the name of imperialism!

19. Imperialism Controlling another country politically, economically, and militarily Why you ask?

20. Three factors of Imperialism* 1.Economic competition among industrial nations a.Need for raw material b.new markets for their products (people to sell it to). c.America selling more than it was buying; increase trade/reduce tariffs 2.Political and Military competition a.Strong navy and strategic locations for refueling (pacific islands) 3.Racial Superiority – a.Anglo-Saxonism: English-speaking nations had superior character, ideas, and systems of gov’t b.Manifest destiny * Not all Americans believed in imperialism

21. Overseas Empire 1.Commercial gains! 2.Good neighbor policy: US to intervene in LA if local gov’t not able to handle revolts/uprisings 3.Want to keep European nations out of LA. Why? 4.Alfred T. Mahan – The Influence of Sea Power Great White Fleet = great power Alfred T. Mahan

22. U.S., Britain, & Venezuela Enhanced Monroe Doctrine (1823)

23. Anti-Imperialist League United States represents democracy and self determination

24. Good Neighbor Policy 1.US to intervene if local govt not able to handle revolts/uprisings 2.Want to keep European nations out of LA 3.Great White Fleet

27. Hawaii & Queen Lil 1.US needed a pit stop to Asia/refuel 2.Stepping stone to Asian markets 3.Queen Lil: a.“Hawaii for Hawaiians” b. dethroned by planters supported by marines c.replaced w/ Sanford Dole 4. Hawaii allowed for construction of Pearl Harbor. 5. 1898: Hawaii formally an American territory

28. The Spanish-American War “A Splendid Little War” Short, inexpensive, few causalities, great gains

29. America and Cuba 1.Why was U.S. so interested in Cuba? 2.Sugar cane plantations = big business; major buyer 3.US impose tariffs (fees/taxes)= ruined economy for Cuba/Spain 4.Jose Marti a.Cuban rebel lived in NY b.wanted independence from Spain c.First attempt failed; second did not = d.Republic of Cuba, 1895

30. America Supports Rebels 1.William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer a.newspaper owners b.stories about mistreatment of Cubans 2.Used Yellow journalism- a. exaggerated news = b. Amer. support of Cubans c. “Cubans fed to sharks” 3. Spanish Gen. Weyler “The Butcher” – placed thousands of Cubans in concentration camps

31. More reasons to support Cuba 1.Pres. McKinley send USS Maine to Havana in case Spanish loyalist attack Americans in Cuba 2.The De Lome letter, by Spanish ambassador, criticizes Pres. McKinley as “weak” 3.USS Maine battleship explodes; Spain blamed 4.Jingoism – aggressive nationalism, supports war 5.April 25, 1898 “lets get ready to rumbllllllllllllle”

33. War on Two Fronts 1. U.S. declares war on Spain a.First battle, in Philippines; Spanish colony; wanted independence from Spain b.Helped by rebel Emilio Aguinaldo 2. Spain surrenders to Americans not Philippines! Emilio Aguinaldo Commander George Dewey

34. TR & the Rough Riders

35. American Deaths 400 to bullets/ >5,000 to disease

36. African Americans in Cuba

37. Platt Amendment 1. Conditions added to the Cuban constitution. a.Pay back debts to US; not get into debt with other nations b.No treaties w/other country c.Allowed US to intervene/protect when necessary d.build naval station on land; Guantanamo Bay 2.Protectorate – country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger country 3.Repealed 1934

38. Teller Amendment McKinley’s war message It placed a condition of the United States military in Cuba. According to the clause, the U.S. could not annex Cuba but only leave "control of the island to its people.“

40. Puerto Rico

41. Organic Act aka Foraker Act (1900) Est. a civilian government with an appointed governor and supreme court; an elected lower house.

42. Jones Act 1917

43. Missions: Christianity & Commerce

44. Anti-Imperialist League United States represents democracy and self determination

45. White Man’s Burden Rudyard Kipling (poem) 1. Civilization v. Savagery

47. Philippine-American War (1899) 1.Upset US took over after Spain 2.Revolted against US a.US used same tactics as Spain against Cuba b.Cost of war $400m; US paid Spain $20m for Philippines!! c.Used lands for sugar plantations. 3.US controls from 1902-1946 4.Why? Stepping stone to Asian markets. 5.Independence gained July 4,1946

48. Open Door Policy 1.US wants to trade w/China; Sec. of St John Hay 2.Boxer Rebellion (1900) – revolt by Chinese rebels wanting foreigners out of their country 3.US sends in troops; put down rebels