2. I.The Nature of Science A.Definition of science B.Inductive and deductive reasoning C.Experimental process D.Methods of data analysis E.Science and decision making

3. A.Definition of Science Science –A way of understanding the physical universe –Through observation and experiment –Provides generalized explanations or models –Makes predictions about how the universe works

4. B.Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Inductive reasoning –Starting with specific observations of a phenomenon –The scientist develops generalized explanations Deductive reasoning –Starting with a possible explanation for a phenomenon –The scientist tests the explanation through controlled experimentation

5. C.Experimental Process 1.Develop a hypothesis and predictions –Hypothesis: A possible explanation for an observed phenomenon –Prediction: A specific expected outcome or occurrence that depends upon the validity of a hypothesis

6. C.Experimental Process 2.Design experiments to test the predictions –Experiment: controlled observations in which the scientist changes one condition (or variable) in a system and observes how the change affects other variables –Independent variable (manipulated variable): what the scientist changes or manipulates –Dependent variable (responding variable): what the scientist measures –Controlled variables: variables that are kept constant throughout the experiment

7. C.Experimental Process 3.Collect and analyze data 4.Repeat experiments 5.Publish results

8. D.Methods of Data Analysis Statistical testing –Standard deviation –Tests for significant deviation –Regression analysis Graphical analysis –Graphs –Maps and geographic information systems Data mining Hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP)

9. E.Science and Decision Making The value of science in decision making Other factors in decision making