1. Prostate Cancer

2. What is prostate cancer?

3. Prostate Cancer Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men In the UK, 35,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year In the UK, 11,000 men die of prostate cancer every year

4. Prostate vs Breast Cancer Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the UK There were 12,082 deaths from breast cancer in the UK in 2007 11,990 (99%) of these were in women and 92 (1%) were in men

5. Where is the prostate gland?

6. Prostate Gland

7. The main types of prostate problems a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate called Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – this is the most common prostate problem inflammation or infection of the prostate (prostatitis) prostate cancer

8. Most common symptoms A weak or reduced urine flow A need to urinate more often, especially at night A feeling that your bladder has not emptied properly Difficulty starting to pass urine Dribbling urine Needing to rush to the toilet – you may occasionally leak urine before you get there

9. If you have any of these symptoms, visit your GP!

10. What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

11. Who is most at risk? Prostate cancer mainly affects men over the age of 50 Younger men can be affected but this is rare The risk of developing prostate cancer rises with age Your risk increases if a close family member (father or brother) has prostate cancer Your risk increases further if more than one close relative has prostate cancer, or if your relative was under the age of 60 when they were diagnosed In the UK, Afro-Caribbean men are three times more likely than white men to develop prostate cancer

12. What can I do to help prevent developing prostate cancer?

13. Improve your diet You cannot alter most risk factors; but you can control your diet. This will also have other health benefits such as reducing your risk of heart disease and diabetes Research suggests that some foods not only help to prevent prostate cancer, but may also slow down the growth of prostate cancer in men who already have the disease, or reduce the chance of prostate cancer returning after treatment

14. What should I eat? What should I eat more of?What does it do?How do I include it in my diet? Fruit and vegetables Reduces your risk of cancer and other medical problems Eat at least five portions each day Try to include a ‘rainbow of colours’ in your diet Cruciferous vegetables May reduce your risk of getting prostate cancer Eat more cabbage-like vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, bok choy and kale Lycopene May reduce your risk of prostate cancer and slow down its spread Lycopene is found in tomatoes (particularly cooked and processed tomatoes), watermelon, pink grapefruit, guava and papaya Green tea May protect against development and growth of prostate cancer Try drinking green tea in place of any hot drinks you have throughout the day Oily fish Fats in oily fish may help prevent prostate cancer developing and growing Eat fresh, canned or frozen oily fish two or three times each week Examples of oily fish include sardines, pilchards, mackerel, salmon, tuna (fresh or frozen tuna only) and shrimp Soy May reduce the risk of prostate cancer Choose traditional forms of soy such as tofu, miso and tempeh, available from supermarkets and health food shops Pulses May help to prevent prostate cancer Include more beans, peas and lentils in your diet Whole grains May reduce your risk of several cancers, including prostate cancer Whole grain foods include brown bread, whole grain cereals, whole grain pasta

15. A Rainbow of Colours Red Tomatoes, raspberries, watermelon, kidney beans, strawberries, red onions, radishes, red peppers Purple Aubergines, grapes, aduki beans, blueberries, red cabbage, plums Orange Carrots, oranges, mangoes, apricots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, orange peppers, butternut squash Yellow Pineapples, sweetcorn, peaches, chicory, bananas, yellow peppers Green Spinach, broccoli, avocados, peas, pears, kiwi fruit, lettuce, green peppers, courgettes, marrows, fresh herbs, watercress

16. What happens at the doctor’s? You can talk to your doctor about your symptoms and you can ask any him/her any questions you may have Your doctor may ask you to fill out a questionnaire about your symptoms to see how much bother they are causing you There are a few tests that your doctor may carry out to find out if you have a prostate problem

17. What are the tests? Common tests are: A urine ‘dipstick’ test to check for infection A blood test called a Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test – usually done once an infection has been ruled out A physical examination called DRE (Digital Rectal Examination) – usually done after the urine and blood tests A test to measure the force of your urine flow An ultrasound scan to check whether your bladder is emptying properly

18. The PSA Test The prostate gland makes a protein called PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen). It is normal to have some PSA in the blood. The PSA level rises as you get older, so a man aged 70 will have a higher PSA than a man aged 50 Your GP can measure the amount of PSA in your blood by taking a sample of your blood and sending it to a laboratory to be tested. If there is a problem in the prostate caused by BPH, prostatitis or prostate cancer, the levels of PSA in the blood can go up

19. New Treatments Abiraterone, the wonder drug that had amazing trial results two years ago It shrunk tumours in 80% of men whose cancer had spread throughout their body The reovirus, injected into patients, found it killed off cancer cells but spared normal tissue

20. New Treatments

21. What support is available? The Prostate Cancer Charity provide support and information to partners, sons, daughters, brothers, sisters and friends of men affected by prostate cancer. As well as offering support either by telephone or via e-mail, they also signpost callers to support groups and other sources of valuable information. Telephone Support Helpline: 0800 074 8383 Monday to Friday 10am - 4pm / Wednesday 7pm - 9pm Website: www.prostate-cancer.org.ukwww.prostate-cancer.org.uk Email: info@prostate-cancer.org.ukinfo@prostate-cancer.org.uk

22. Real Man Campaign M&S & the Prostate Cancer Charity join forces every year to promote prostate cancer awareness with their blue, ‘Real Man’ pin badge

23. Any questions? Contact: Andrea Vickers andrea.vickers@jobcentreplus.gsi.gov.uk