1. 1 Cell Energy Energy & Life

2. All Organisms need energy Nudibranch cells need energy

3. Butterfly cells need energy

4. Plant cells Need Energy

5. And People Cells Need Energy

6. 6 Cells Using Biochemical Energy Cells Use ATP For: Active transport Movement Photosynthesis Protein Synthesis Cellular respiration All other cellular reactions

7. 7 Releasing Energy From ATP ATP is constantly being used and remade by cellsATP is constantly being used and remade by cells ATP provides all of the energy for cell activitiesATP provides all of the energy for cell activities The high energy phosphate bonds can be BROKEN to release energyThe high energy phosphate bonds can be BROKEN to release energy

8. 8 More on ATP Cells Have Enough ATP To Last For A Few SecondsCells Have Enough ATP To Last For A Few Seconds ATP must constantly be madeATP must constantly be made ATP Transfers Energy Very WellATP Transfers Energy Very Well ATP Is NOT Good At Energy StorageATP Is NOT Good At Energy Storage

9. Cells Energy in Different Ways Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Fermentation

10. 10 Overview of Photosynthesis

11. 11 Autotrophs/Producers Plants and some other types of organisms that contain chlorophyll are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food.

12. 12 Autotrophs/Producers Autotrophs include organisms that make their own foodAutotrophs include organisms that make their own food Autotrophs can use the sun’s energy directlyAutotrophs can use the sun’s energy directly Euglena

13. 13 Cells Using Biochemical Energy Cells Use ATP For: Active transport Movement Photosynthesis Protein Synthesis Cellular respiration All other cellular reactions

14. 14 Glucose Glucose is a monosaccharideGlucose is a monosaccharide C 6 H 12 O 6C 6 H 12 O 6 One Molecule of glucose Stores 90 Times More Chemical Energy Than One Molecule of ATPOne Molecule of glucose Stores 90 Times More Chemical Energy Than One Molecule of ATP

15. 15 Photosynthesis Involves the Use Of light Energy to convert Water (H 2 0) and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) into Oxygen (O 2 ) and High Energy Carbohydrates (sugars, e.g. Glucose) & StarchesInvolves the Use Of light Energy to convert Water (H 2 0) and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) into Oxygen (O 2 ) and High Energy Carbohydrates (sugars, e.g. Glucose) & Starches

16. 16 The Photosynthesis Equation

17. Photosynthesis

18. 18 Pigments In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires Pigments Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs Chlorophyll is found inside chloroplasts

19. 19 The Biochemical Reactions

20. 20 It Begins with Sunlight!

21. 21 Photoautotrophs Absorb Light Energy

22. 22 Inside A Chloroplast

23. 23 Structure of the Chloroplast Double membrane organelleDouble membrane organelle Outer membrane smoothOuter membrane smooth Gel-like material around grana called stromaGel-like material around grana called stroma

24. 24

25. 25 Photosynthesis Overview

26. 26 Light Dependent Reaction

27. 27 Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis Amount of available waterAmount of available water TemperatureTemperature Amount of available light energyAmount of available light energy

28. Cellular Respiration

29. 29 Heterotrophs/Consumers Heterotrophs are organisms that can NOT make their own foodHeterotrophs are organisms that can NOT make their own food Heterotrophs can NOT directly use the sun’s energyHeterotrophs can NOT directly use the sun’s energy

30. Cellular Respiration Respiration means breathing Cellular respiration is the chemical process that happens in cells Food (such as glucose) is broken down into CO2 and H20 and energy is freed. In Eukaryotes cellular respiration happens in the mitochondria

31. Review of Mitochondria Structure Smooth outer MembraneSmooth outer Membrane Folded inner membraneFolded inner membrane Folds called CristaeFolds called Cristae Space inside cristae called the MatrixSpace inside cristae called the Matrix

33. The Connection Between Photosynthesis & Respiration

34. Fermentation Have you ever felt a side ache from exercising or running the mile? It happens when cells can’t get enough oxygen From cellular respiration Fermentation in muscles makes lactic acid. The acid builds up which causes a burning feeling.

35. Review Questions What is cellular respiration? How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? What type of cell has a chloroplast? Why are plants important to all organisms? What does the organelle mitochondria do? Cells turn energy from food into what? Energy that powers all life comes from what?

36. Credits