1. SWBAT: DETERMINE IF THE EVENTS DURING MONROE’S PRESIDENCY WARRANT THE PERIOD AS AN “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” “ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”

2. DO NOW Why did feelings of nationalism emerge after the War of 1812? We “won” our first declared war in the nation’s history!

3. JAMES MONROE 1816 Election: Won in wake of War of 1812, served 2 terms (1817-1825) Inaugurated an “Era of Good Feelings” Suggests nationalism, optimism, and goodwill but… Debates over national bank, internal improvements, land sales, slavery, and sectional tensions and party divisions ensued

4. JAMES MONROE Visited every state in the nation- personable demeanor made him extremely popular Hoped to preside over the decline of political parties Cabinet: Democratic-Republicans John Quincy Adams (Sec. of State) John C. Calhoun (Sec. of War) Often vetoed legislation that extended economic nationalism

5. CULTURAL NATIONALISM Patriotic (feeling of responsibility & pride in nation no matter what it does) themes were infused into aspects of American society Painting: The Hudson River School everyday life, common people, landscape, natural world Thomas Cole, Frederick Church

6. CULTURAL NATIONALISM Literature: People eager to read works of American writers James Fenimore Cooper, The Last of the Mohicans - Cooperstown named after his family! Washington Irving, Legend of Sleepy Hollow - Irvington named after him! Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter Herman Melville, Moby Dick

7. ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Political movement to support growth of nation’s economy Tariff protection for U.S. industry after War of 1812 Manufacturing increased during war to replace products no longer sold by Britain Post-war, Britain dumped cheap goods in American markets to ruin American manufacturing Tariff of 1816: first protective tariff passed to shield “infant industries” (20%!) Designed for protection, not revenue Southerners actually supported the tariff & felt it would aid development of manufacturing in the South to rival New England’s

8. ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Henry Clay’s “American System” - plan to advance nation’s economic growth Protective Tariffs- benefit the East, promote manufacturing, raise revenue to build transportation systems National Bank (charter for first National Bank expired in 1811)- to provide national currency, pay government debt, open branches, grant loans,  aid in economic growth of all sections of nation Internal Improvements- roads & canals would promote growth in West and South

9. ECONOMIC NATIONALISM Protective tariff passed under Madison in 1816 Congress chartered the Second National Bank in 1816 Both Madison and Monroe objected internal improvements, b/c Constitution did not provide for federal spending on roads and canals Monroe vetoed acts to fund improvements Individual states left to improve on their own Cumberland Road aka National Road: First highway to be built by federal government

10. PANIC OF 1819 BUS did not regulate issuance of paper money Value of paper currency fluctuated Land speculation Price of land plummeted & those who invested in western real estate lost millions Demand for American goods dropped off Europeans did not buy as much

11. PANIC OF 1819 Repayment of loans Banks start asking for loan repayment Farmers & businessmen could not repay loans  Many filed for bankruptcy  Western debtors saw Bank as evil  Increased division between wealthy & poor

12. WRAP UP Henry Clay was proud of his economic plan. In a speech in Cincinnati in 1830, he declared: “That system has had a wonderful success. It has more than realized all the hopes of its founders. It has completely falsified all the predictions of its opponents. It has increased the wealth, and power, and population of the nation. It has diminished the price of articles of consumption and has placed them within the reach of a far greater number of our people than could have found means to command them if they had been manufactured abroad instead of at home.” Was Clay’s “American System” successful? Explain. Do you agree this was an national “Era of Good Feelings”? Explain.