1. Drilling Drills produces deep holes. Drilling machine Insert drill
Max drill
Drill
Drill:
Drill:

2. Tapping Tap produces thread inside the hold.
Tap Feed Rate = RPM x Pitch
Ex) M6 x 1 at 2000 RPM = 2000 mm/min
Tapping
Tapping holder and tool

3. Reaming, Boring Reamer enlarges an hole to the diameter of the tool.
Boring produce precise circular internal profiles.
Reaming
Boring
Drilling, Tapping, Boring:

4. Planer and Shaper

5. Gear Hobbing
A hob (cutter) is rotated one revolution to transfer each tooth profile onto a rotating gear blank.
Used very often for medium to high sizes of production runs. 

6. Broaching
Linear broaching: the broach is run linearly against a surface of the workpiece to effect the cut.
Rotary broaching: the broach is rotated and pressed into the workpiece to cut an axis symmetric shape.
Broaching gear:
Rotary broaching:

7. Design for milling Minimize machining, use casting and forging.
Minimize the length to diameter ratio of the tools.
Design features to be machined from one side.

8. Design for milling
The inside edges must have the radius of the end mill.
For outside corners, chamfers are preferable over fillet.
For flatness, bosses should be used. Ⓒ

9. Economics of Machining
Total cost per piece consists of four items:
Cutting speed
Cost
Tool
Setting up
Machining
Total

10. References: Machine Tool Makers
(Japan)
(USA)
(EU)