1. Country presentation Mengistu Balcha, R/A/W/ management and R/Emergency Preparedness and Response team leader, Ethiopian Radiation Protection Authority (ERPA) March 17-21/2014 Tunisia, Tunis

2. 1. Overview of facility which generate radioactive waste in Ethiopia The radioactive waste is generated from the medical, Industrial, research and agricultural application. At present there are about200 authorized facilities in Ethiopia that use radiation emitting devices and/or radioactive sources. Major practices in Ethiopia are Co-60 Tse-Tse fly sterilization Irradiator, Cs-137 Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) Irradiator, Co-60 radiotherapy sources, C0-60 agricultural research irradiator.

3. Category I, II and III sources No Name of the institutions Location/ region ApplicationRadionuclied Activity in (TBq) Quantity 1 Black lion hospital Addis Ababa radiotherap y Co-60370&337.92 2 Tse-Tse fly irradiator project Addis Ababa IrradiatorCo-609701 3 Bishoftu Agricultural research irradiator BishoftuIrradiatorCo-60925/3702 4 National Metrology institute Addis Ababa SSDL Irradiator Cs1370.7401 5 Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Research Irradiator RA/Be,Am/ Be Neutron sources 1 6 Armauer Hansene Research Institute(AHRI) Addis Ababa Blade irradiator Cs13721.1271

4. Total radioactive sources NoApplicationTotal no found in the country medicineindustryresearchComment 1 Well logging --11--3 returned to the manf 2 Moisture density gauges --148-- 3 Density gauge --3 4 sterilization --1 5 research -----2Blood/cerial irradiator 6 Level gauge --6 7 calibration --1 SSDL 8 Brachytherapy low doserate 5--- 9 Check Source --2--- 10 Teletherapy 2---

5. 2. Current status and plan The radioactive waste import before the establishment of the Authority and orphan sources will be collected to the CWPSF. The radioactive material that pass thorough control of the RB will be returned to the supplier according the agreement made at the time of the import. After the establishment of the RB still there is a lot of orphan sources is collected from scrape metal dealer. Ultimately these source have to be disposed.

6. 3. RW inventory and waste classification There is one Central Radioactive Waste Storage and Processing Facility( CRWPSF) which used to store the conditioned and un- condition radioactive wastes. Inventory of the conditioned and unconditioned radioactive spent or disused sources stored in the interim storage facility of the Ethiopian Radiation Protection Authority (ERPA).

7. Inventory of the conditioned radioactive waste I Package No. II Shield No. III Capsul e No IV Radionuclid es V Acvtivity - Year (GBq- 2002) VI D-value TBq VII Ratio of A/D VIII Category A/D based IX No, of sources ETH 01S1 1Ra-2261.46 (43mg)4.00E-023.65E-0249 3Ra-2260.9 (24 mg)4.00E-022.25E-0242 ETH 02S2 1Cs-1377.40E-011.00E-017.40E-0353 2Co-601.10E-013.00E-023.67E-0351 4Sr-90-7.40E-014.00E+001.85E-0451 ETH 03S3 ETH/02 241Am-2415.90E-016.00E-029.83E-0351

8. Inventory of the unconditioned spent/disused radioactive waste I No. II RadionuclideIII ActivityIV Remark 1 Am-2413 Ci Needs to be conditioned 2 Co-602.5 kCiIrradiator 3 Unknown (but tried to be identified as Am-241) Unknown Orphan Source Recovered (Metal Shielded) 4 Unknown 25 (calibration sources for well logging?) 5 Co-60 868 Ci (May 22, 2009 Spent Teletherapy Source 6 Cs-137 3.7 GBq disused density gauge Midroc 7 Cs-137 11.1GBq disused density gauge Midroc

9. Inventory of the unconditioned spent/disused radioactive waste I No. II Radionuclide III ActivityIV Remark 8 Am-241/Be1.48 GBq disused moisture density gauge Cs-1370.296 GBq 9 Am-241/Be1.48 GBq disused moisture density gauge Cs-1370.296 GBq 12 Unknown (but tried to be identified as Pu 239 & Cs- 137 Unknown Recovered Speed gauges from property collecting and Re-using Station 13 Unknown (but tried to be identified as Cs-135 Unknown Heavy army devices and gears from property collecting and Re-using Station 14Co-605 mCi large metal sheet imported with machinery

10. Short Half Life Radioactive Sources Found by Orphan Sources Recovery Program I No. II Radionuclide III Activity (Year, D. of M. Unknown)IV Quantity in TBq 1P-3237 MBq3.70E-05 2S-351mCi1.00E-05 3Sterile generator6.38 GBq6.38E-03 4I131370 GBq3.70E-01 5I131370 GBq3.70E-01

11. Current and future plans Currently the government has built the CRWPS facility which is used for processing and storing the waste collected through out the country. Since the radioactive waste has a long half time the ultimately option is to construct the disposal facility. Currently there is no any spent sources producing facility in the country.

12. 4. Waste Management policy and strategy The Radioactive Waste Management policy and strategy outlines government's thinking in relation to Radioactive Waste management. This policy gives us a formidable framework to interact with the world, and our own past, present and future. This is a bold policy with a broad vision founded on respect for all the relevant principles for the safe management of radioactive waste.

13. Waste management policy… The radioactive waste management policy is founded on the belief that all radioactive sources should be export back to the manufacturer country after its usable time, and should be managed and developed for the benefit of present and future generations in the country as a whole. Import and Export of Radioactive waste: In principle Ethiopia will import, and at the end of life time export radioactive waste to the manufacturer or dealer.

14. Continues…. It is the objective of the radioactive waste management policy to improve the overall contribution from the medical, Industrial, research and agricultural to this belief. The scope of this policy relates to all radioactive wastes, except those exempted by the regulatory Authority, permitted to be released to the environment routinely.

15. APPLICABLE NATIONAL LEGISLATION Radioactive waste shall be managed under such Authority as provided for in the Radiation protection Proclamation No. 571/2008. state the power and duties of the Authority: Article 7 sub-article 3, Issue directives for the implementation of police and laws concerning radiation protection and follow up their implementation Regulatory bodies shall work in a co-operative manner and be responsible to enforce compliance with legal requirements and advising government as appropriate.

16. 5.Responsibility and role of organization Article 7 sub-article 4, the Authority should establish a system for coordination public and private activities with a view to ensuring the radioactive waste management. Render radioactive waste management service. Ensuring a nationally co-ordinated approach to radioactive waste management The governance and regulation of radioactive waste management shall be in accordance with the provisions of international agreements.

17. Thanks for you attention!!!