1. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies into 4-H Youth Programs Michael J. Buschermohle Precision Agricultural Specialist University of Tennessee Extension

2. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Overview What is Global Positioning System (GPS)What is Global Positioning System (GPS) How GPS worksHow GPS works Types of GPS receiversTypes of GPS receivers What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)What is a Geographic Information System (GIS) Integrating GPS and GIS into 4-H programsIntegrating GPS and GIS into 4-H programs

3. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension GPS is a navigational system that can accurately locate your position anytime, anywhere, and regardless of weather on Earth Satellite-based navigation systems made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense Satellite-based navigation systems made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense Satellites orbit the earth at an altitude of about 12,500 miles Satellites orbit the earth at an altitude of about 12,500 miles Radio signals from the satellites can be used to determine accurate georeferenced position information Radio signals from the satellites can be used to determine accurate georeferenced position information What is GPS

4. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Satellite Signal Satellites broadcast several pieces of information Emphemeris (Orbital) dataEmphemeris (Orbital) data Timing dataTiming data

5. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension How Does GPS Work Speed of light = 186,000 mi/sec

6. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Trilateration

7. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Sources of GPS Error Clock ErrorsClock Errors Atmospheric InterferenceAtmospheric Interference Ephemeris (Orbital) VariationEphemeris (Orbital) Variation Satellite ConfigurationSatellite Configuration Signal MultipathSignal Multipath

8. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Sources of GPS Error Clock Errors Let’s put some numbers on it Altitude = 12,500 mi. Speed of light = 186,000 mi/sec Transmission Time = 0.067 sec What happens if we are off a little? 0.001 sec * 186,000 mi/sec = 186 mi

9. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Sources of GPS Error Atmospheric Interference

10. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Sources of GPS Error Ephemeris (Orbital) Variation

11. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Sources of GPS Error Satellite Configuration Poor (high) DOP Good (low) DOP Measure of the geometrical strength of the GPS satellite configuration

12. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Sources of GPS Error Signal Multipath

13. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Counteracting GPS Errors Land-Based Differential CorrectionLand-Based Differential Correction Satellite-Based Differential CorrectionSatellite-Based Differential Correction User Base Station RTK CorrectionUser Base Station RTK Correction

14. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Counteracting GPS Errors ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Land-Based Differential GPS Correction Coast Guard Beacon Differential Correction Codes

15. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Counteracting GPS Errors Satellite-Based Differential GPS Correction WAASOmnistarDeere Differential Correction Codes

16. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Counteracting GPS Errors ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Kinematic Differential GPS Correction Operator’sBaseStation Differential Correction Codes

17. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension GPS Receivers Low-CostSub-MeterSub-FootRTK TypicalCorrectionService WASSVarious Omnistar Starfire Base Station Cost$80-500$1,000-4,000$5,000-10,000>$25,000 Accuracy10 - 15 ft.< 3 ft.< 6 in.< 1 in. Update Rate 0.5 – 1 Hz1 – 10 Hz 1 – 20 Hz

18. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Your current positionYour current position Coordinates (Latitude and Longitude, UTM, etc.) Coordinates (Latitude and Longitude, UTM, etc.) Elevation Elevation Direction to specified waypointsDirection to specified waypoints Distance to specified waypointsDistance to specified waypoints Your speed of travelYour speed of travel Your direction of travelYour direction of travel Basic Navigation Information Supplied by GPS Receivers

19. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Geographic Information Systems (GIS) GIS is a collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.

20. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension States Roads Capitals Rivers Lakes GIS Maps are Based on Layers

21. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies into 4-H Youth Programs What Type of GPS receiver should you buy? What is your application?

22. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension GPS Applications Teaching users about GPS receiversTeaching users about GPS receivers HikingHiking GeocachingGeocaching Nature StudyNature Study HuntingHunting FishingFishing BoatingBoating BikingBiking SkiingSkiing GolfGolf

23. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Cost $100 – $400 Features Internal Memory 8 – 30 M SC Card Expandability Mapping Software Compatibility Low Cost (Handheld) GPS Receivers

24. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Mapping Software Cost $100 - 150 Compatibility depends on the unit

25. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension GPS Applications Collecting geo-referenced dataCollecting geo-referenced data GIS MappingGIS Mapping

26. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension $400$600 HP IPAQ HP IPAQ Pocket PCs Running Windows CE

27. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Integrating GPS and GIS Technologies into 4-H Youth Programs What GIS software should you buy?

28. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension GIS Software ESRIESRI –ArcMap –ArcPad for Windows CE Farm WorksFarm Works Map ShotsMap Shots JD OfficeJD Office Easy SuiteEasy Suite

29. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension On-Line Training Course “Learning How to Use ArcPad 7.0”

30. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension On-Line Training Course “Learning How to Use ArcPad 7.0” Learning Module 1: Moving Data to and From Your PDA Learning Module 2: Getting to Know ArcPad Learning Module 3: Displaying Data Learning Module 4: Creating Features Learning Module 5: Using Your GPS Receiver Learning Module 6: Capturing Features Using Your GPS Receiver Learning Module 7: Making Your Map Look Pretty Learning Module 8: Retrieving Information from Your Map

31. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Some GPS Applications for Youth Geocaching

32. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Some GPS Applications for Youth Collecting and Mapping Geo-referenced data in Your Community

33. Precision Agriculture University of Tennessee Extension Questions?