1. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
Safe School Design Guidelines

2. Copyright Information
The material contained herein is the sole property of the National Association of School Resource Officers Inc. a non-profit corporation.
No part of this presentation may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from: NASRO, PO Box 39, Osprey FL

3. Crime Prevention Triangle
“The anticipation, recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of some action to remove or reduce it.”
Desire
Ability
Opportunity

4. Levels of Crime Prevention
Primary
Target hardening
Victim action through education
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)

5. Perceptions Psychology Behavior
CPTED is about...
Perceptions
Psychology
Behavior

6. CPTED Players
Normal Users
Abnormal Users
Observers

7. CPTED: Strategies
Access Control
Surveillance
Territoriality

8. CPTED STRATEGIES Provide clear border definition
Provide clear transition zones from public to semi-private and private space
Relocate gathering areas to locations of natural surveillance and access control
Place safe activities in unsafe locations

9. CPTED STRATEGIES Place unsafe activities in safe locations
Redesignate the use of space
Improve scheduling of space to allow for affective use
Redesign or revamp space to increase the perception or reality of natural surveillance
Overcome distance and isolation through improved communications.

10. Lighting Types Incandescent Fluorescent
High intensity discharge - metal halide, high pressure sodium, mercury vapor, low pressure sodium
Considerations
Safety
Identification
Color rendering
Efficiency
Brightness
Glare

11. SURVEILLANCE Observation Points Witness Potential Sightlines
Eliminate Isolation and concealment

12. CPTED: Surveillance Reduces opportunity for a crime to occur
Increases the risk of being seen or identified
Measures that can be taken:
Lighting
Mirrors
Cameras
Unobstructed view
Regular police or security patrols

13. ACCESS CONTROL Promote primary entry points with good surveillance
De-emphasize secondary points of entry that are more concealed
Convenience issue
Schools biggest problem

14. CPTED: Access Control
Increases perception of risk to potential offender
Reduces mobility of offender
Measures that can be taken:
Crime prevention training
Guards
Established security procedures
Locks and alarms
Lighting and landscaping

15. TERRITORIALITY Foster a sense of Ownership Define space clearly
Indicate movement onto private space
Promote challenge behavior
Maintenance

16. CPTED: Territoriality
Creates an area of influence
Increases perception of citizen accessibility and ownership
Discourages potential offenders with the presence of others
Measures include:
Site location
Areas of activity
Vehicular traffic

17. CPTED: Applications to Campus
Types of crimes in schools
Parking Lots
Battery, assault, theft, burg., vandalism, drugs
Lockers
Theft, burglary

18. CPTED: Applications to Campus
Types of crimes in schools
Classroom
Theft, assault, battery
Restroom
Theft, extortion, assault, battery, drugs
School Grounds
Assault, battery, theft, vandalism, burglary, child abuse, sexual assault, drug activity

19. CPTED: Applications to campus
Reduce the opportunity by:
Education (classes, announcements, posters, newspaper, clubs)
Educate staff to observe and report
Make recommendations to the administration
Record incidents by times, dates, locations

20. Introduction Location Connection Edge conditions Landscaping
Pedestrian routes
Vehicular routes
Recreational areas
Signage
Storm water
Building organization
Points of entry
Walls, windows & doors
Lobbies & corridors
Restrooms
Stairs & stairwells
Cafeterias
Auditoriums
Gymnasiums & locker rooms
Libraries
Classrooms
Labs, shops & computers
Music rooms
Administrative areas
Alarm & surveillance systems
Fire control
Mechanical equipment
Vending machines
Water fountains
elevators

21. Location
Suburban
Urban
Rural

22. Design can strengthen the connections:
Between schools & adjacent neighborhoods
Screen incompatible uses
Access to school facilities before and after school
Trees, landscaping, sidewalks & streets

23. Edge Conditions
Part of school grounds that contacts the adjacent streets and property
Communicates accessibility or privacy

24. Landscaping Considerations: Climate Shade Wind Noise & visual buffer
Access control

25. Exterior Pedestrian Routes
Well defined smooth surfaces
Adequate lighting
Visual access / shade
Drop off areas
Accommodate volume of use
Avoid congestion

26. Vehicular Routes & Parking Areas
Entry drive
Parking lots
Bus loading zones
Parent drop off
Accommodates rush of people
Visual surveillance
Windows overlook area
Controlled entrance
Well lit

27. Recreational Areas Supervision Visual surveillance Vantage points
Multiple enclosures
Inadvertent vandalism or damage

28. Signage
Well lit
Not a hiding place
Eliminate shadows

29. Storm water Identify terrain Natural flow protection Fencing
landscaping

30. Building Organization
Contemporary campus design
Traditional campus design

31. Exterior Covered Corridors
Not an access to the windows, roofs, or upper levels
Illuminated
Smooth finish
difficult to climb
Plant trees away from walkways and buildings to prevent access to roof

32. Points Of Entry At front of school Well lit
Protected shelter for people entering
Paved non-slip surface
Handicap accessible
Avoid hiding places

33. Enclosed Exterior Spaces
Uncomplicated supervision
Shade
Cool air
Can discourage students from leaving class unobserved

34. Ancillary Buildings Portable classrooms Dumpster enclosures
Bike lock up areas
Satellite campus buildings

35. Walls Influences to safety Texture Form Can be used as a ladder
Plan for graffiti prevention
Provide markings and games lines in advance

36. Additional Considerations
Windows
Doors
Roofs
Lighting
Lobbies/Reception areas
Corridors
Restrooms

37. Additional Considerations
Stairs and Stairwells
Cafeterias
Auditoriums
Gyms
Libraries and Media Centers
Classrooms
Locker rooms
Labs and Computer rooms
Music Rooms

38. Consider
Administration Areas

39. Consider
Alarm &
Surveillance Systems

40. Consider
Fire Control

41. Consider
HVAC &
Mechanical Equipment.

42. Consider
Vending Machines

43. Consider
Water Fountains

44. Consider
Elevators