1. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Chapter 4 Communication

2. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Communication  An interaction between two or more persons  Communication process  Message: expression or thought  Sender: delivers message  Method: way message is sent  Receiver: interprets message  Feedback: response

3. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Types of Communication  Verbal—spoken or written words  Nonverbal—use of body language  Modes of nonverbal  Physical appearance and dress  Facial expression  Gestures  Eye contact  Tone of voice  Touch  Silence

4. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Personality Types  Passive or unassertive  Aggressive  Assertive

5. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Levels of Communication  Social  Therapeutic or purposeful

6. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Components of Therapeutic Communication  Listening  Warmth  Genuineness  Attentiveness  Empathy  Positive regard

7. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Functions of Therapeutic Communication  Create an understanding  Decrease anxiety  Provide information  Develop trust

8. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Phases of Therapeutic Communication  Orientation—learning about person, building trust  Working—exploring thoughts and feelings  Termination—ending the relationship

9. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Factors Affecting Communication  Congruence—agreement between verbal and nonverbal language  Time and setting—when and where communication takes place  Proxemics—space between individuals  Biases—prejudices or negative beliefs  Physical handicaps—difficulties with vision and or hearing

10. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Blocks to Communication  Belittling  Disagreeing  Agreeing  Defending  Stereotyping

11. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Blocks to Communication (continued)  False reassurance  Giving advice  Changing the subject  Closed-ended questions  Why questions  Probing

12. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Techniques to Enhance Communication  Giving information  Validating  Clarifying  Reflecting

13. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Techniques to Enhance Communication (continued)  Paraphrasing  Asking broad questions  Using general leads  Making an observation

14. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Techniques to Enhance Communication (continued)  Offering self  Focusing  Using humor

15. Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition Chapter Challenge  Give the name and an example of the two types of communication  A.  B.  Name three blocks to communication  A.  B.  C.  List three techniques to enhance communication  A.  B.  C.