1. Loose, Dense, Specialized
Connective Tissue
Loose, Dense, Specialized

2. Basement Membrane

3. Collagen – 68nM banding pattern and thick bundles in cross section

4. Mesenchymal Cells – Primitive cells of connective tissue

5. Dense, Irregular Connective Tissue – More Fibers than cells

6. Irregular Connective Tissue – Multiple Cells, fibers present

7. White Adipose Development
Mesodermal or neural crest derived mesenchymal cells associated with adventitia of small venules
Fibroblast-like cells determined as lipoblasts
Lipoblasts deposit ECM and gather lipid, filling mature cell and compressing nucleus, cytoplasm and organelles into characteristic adipocyte shape
Isolated adipocytes spherical; may appear polyhedral or ovoid in tissues, surrounded by cytoplasm and a small amt of CT
Lipid is not membrane bound (unlike multilocular adipocytes, which have multiple fat-containing vacuoles)
Mobilization of fat depends on neural or hormonal stimulus
Triglycerides mobilized to glycerol and fatty acids; FA enter capillary for use as energy source

8. Metabolism of Fat from Adipocytes
b Adrenergic Receptors on Fat Cells
Hormone Sensitive Lipase
FA + Glycerol
Insulin
Adapted from Horn, 2006

9. Adipose – H & E

10. Ultrastructure of Adipose

11. Brown Adipose – Multilocular, Thermogenic

12. Heat Generation Uncoupled From ATP Pdtn
Nervous system stimulation
Lipid mobilized, fatty acid oxidized
UCP-1 moves H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane, dissipating proton gradient for ATP pdtn
Energy freed as heat

13. Cartilage Chondrocytes in an avascular extensively specialized matrix
Weight bearing, shock absorbing, porous
Three kinds – Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous
Differential ECM deposition aids in function

14. Hyaline Cartilage Chondrocytes in isogenous groups
TM vs ITM reflects differential matrix distribution
Ground Substance= Collagen II, PG (HA, CSulfate, KerSulfate)
Proteins (eg., tenascin, FN)
Highly hydrated (assists in weight bearing)
Model for Indirect (Endochondral) Ossification
Perichondrium = source of growth (DR connective tissue)
Proliferation of chondrocytes may also be via interstitial growth

15. Elastic Cartilage
Characterized by presence of elastin fibers in hyaline ECM
Flexible, non-calcifying
Surrounded by perichondrium
External ear, eustachian tubes, epiglottis of larynx

16. Fibrocartilage Dense regular connective tissue + hyaline matrix
No perichondrium
IG and rows of chondrocytes
Fibroblast nucleii present
Intervertebral disks, symphysis pubis, articular disks of mandible and sternum, meniscus of knee, places where tendon attaches to bone
Resistance to shear force and compression

17. Cartilage growth and repair
Mesenchymal cells
Appositional and Interstitial growth
Limited repair due to which three primary factors?
Aging – Limited repair, matrix calcifies, replaced by bone (how does this impact function?)