1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology
This class is going to be more fun than unicycling mountains in Norway!

2. Intro to Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy: Structure of Body Parts.
Morphology (form & shape), naming, location, relationships.
Static (fixed, stationary, not moving)
Physiology: Function of body parts.
What they do and how they work. Interactions, chemistry, energy exchange, electricity.
Dynamic (moving, action, energetic)

3. Principal of complimentarity (structure determines function)
Examples:
Bones can support & protect body organs because they contain hard mineral deposits.
Blood flows in one direction through the heart because the heart has valves that prevent backflow.
Lungs can serve as a site for gas exchange because their air sacs are extremely thin.

4. Levels of Organization (from simplest to most complex)
Atoms --> Molecules --> Macromolecules --> Organelles --> Cells --> Tissues --> Organs --> Organ Systems --> Organism 
*A group (mass) of cells working together to carry out certain common functions form a tissue
*A group of tissues working together to carry out certain common functions form an organ
*A group of organs

5. Subdivisions of Anatomy
1. Microscopic Anatomy = study of structure with a microscope
Cytology = study of cells
Histology = study of tissues
2. Macroscopic (Gross) Anatomy = study of large, visible structures w/o a microscope
VISCERA (internal organs) "Visceral organs”
Systemic Anatomy = study of one system at a time
Regional Anatomy = study based on regions & relations between structures
3. Developmental Anatomy = study of the structural changes from fertilization to maturity
Embryology = study of the development of embryonic stages

6. Human Body Systems Poster
Title of system on the poster
List major function or functions
List major organs (at least 4 we are familiar with)
At least 2 drawings (use at least 4 colors)
A creative way (i.e. mnemonic device, rhyme, etc.) to remember the information presented on your page.

7. Maintaining Life Maintain boundaries Movement
Respond to stimuli (irritability)
Digest nutrients
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

8. Metabolism Homeostasis
All physical and chemical changes occurring in an organism
Survival needs: Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure - all must be regulated
Tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced internal environment.
Accomplished through self regulating adjustments
Homeostasis

10. Homeostasis
Sensory
Pathway
Motor
Pathway

11. Homeostasis Negative Feedback Mechanisms body temperature
control of blood glucose levels
Positive Feedback Mechanisms
blood clotting
enhancement of labor contractions

12. Negative Feedback Example:
O2 / CO2 level returns to normal
Holding breath,
CO2 levels rise
Control system forces exhale, inhale

13. Positive feedback increases change
Example: Torn blood vessel stimulates release of clotting factors
platelets
fibrin
white blood cell
red blood cell
blood vessel
clot
growth hormones stimulate cell division

14. Homeostasis Lab Data Loggers Setup Procedure Collect data
Analyze & answer questions

15. General Organization of the Body:
Axial Portion - head, neck, trunk Appendicular Portion - arms & legs
1. Several body cavities 2. Layers of membranes within cavities 3. Variety of organs & organ systems within cavities

16. Insane in the membranes!
4 specific membranes
Lungs (Pleura)
Heart (Pericardium)
Lining (Visceral)
Visceral Pleura
Visceral Pericardium
Covering (Parietal)
Parietal Pleura
Parietal Pericardium
body cavity
description
lining
function
Open
open to the outside of the body
Mucosa (mucous)
Protection, secretion, & absorption
Closed
closed off to the outside
Serosa (serous)
Reduces friction for internal organs